猪萨佩罗病毒研究进展

Research Progress on Porcine Sapelovirus

猪萨佩罗病毒(Porcine sapelovirus, PSV)属于小RNA病毒科萨佩罗病毒属,是一种无包膜单股正链RNA病毒。与其他猪肠道病毒相似,PSV主要通过粪-口途径传播,也可通过接触和气溶胶传播。仔猪对该病毒易感,其可引起仔猪神经系统、呼吸系统、消化系统等的功能紊乱,严重时可导致猪死亡,不同毒株之间毒力与组织嗜性存在差异。临床中PSV常与猪捷申病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪库布病毒等多种病毒混合感染,使其临床症状复杂、诊断难度增加,从而加快病毒传播速度。此外,PSV存在的基因重组现象及跨种传播风险,对养猪业造成潜在威胁。目前已有核酸水平、蛋白水平、血清学等多种检测方法可用于PSV的实验室检测,已有多种细胞系可建立其体外感染模型,用于该病毒的相关研究。截至目前,PSV的研究主要集中于流行病学研究及其分离鉴定,有关PSV感染和致病机制研究较少且无商品化疫苗和有效的抗病毒药物。笔者对PSV的病原学特征、流行病学、致病机制、临床防控等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为PSV的进一步防控研究提供理论依据。

Porcine sapelovirus(PSV)belongings to the Sapelovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family,is a non-enveloped single-stranded and positive-sense RNA virus.Similar to other porcine enteric viruses,PSV is mainly transmitted through fecal-oral and can also be transmitted through contact or airborne.Piglets is susceptible to the virus and it can cause functional disorders such as the nervous system,respiratory system,and digestive system of piglets,seriously,it can even cause the piglets death,and there are different pathogenicity and tissue tropism between different strains.In clinical practice,PSV is often mixed with a variety of viruses such as Porcine teschovirus,Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,Porcine kobuvirus,which increases the complexity of clinical symptoms,the difficulty of diagnosis and accelerates the spread of the virus.In addition,the genetic recombination phenomenon and the risk of cross-race spread of PSV have causing a potential threat to pig industry.At present,there are many detection methods such as nucleic acid levels,protein levels,and serology that can be used for PSV laboratory testing.A variety of cell lines can establish in vitro infection models for related research.At present,the research of PSV mainly focuses on the study of epidemiology and its isolation and identification.There are fewer researches on PSV infection and pathogenesis and no commercially available vaccines and effective antiviral drugs.This article comprehensive describes the research progress of PSV in terms of etiological characteristics,epidemiology,pathogenic mechanism,clinical prevention and control,to provide a theoretical basis for further research on the prevention and control of PSV.