论通知规则在生成式人工智能侵权中的适用

On the Application of Notification Rule in the Scenario of Generative AI Infringement

通知规则是归责条款,而非免责条款。这决定了通知规则可以直接适用于生成式人工智能侵权,而非类推适用。反通知在生成式人工智能侵权中的缺失不足以成为否定通知规则可适用性的充分理由。通知中“准确定位侵权内容的信息”可通过对话记录和截图的方式提供,且通知人可以不是权利人。传统通知规则中的“必要措施”在生成式人工智能侵权中发生了诸多变化,包括直接避免损害扩大的措施从处理已发生的侵权转变为预防侵权再次发生,警示性措施从警示实施了侵权行为的网络用户转变为警示生成式人工智能使用者,担保性措施无法适用、限制乃至停止提供服务的措施从针对网络用户转变为针对诱发致害内容生成的使用者。生成式人工智能服务提供者在收到通知后负有避免致害内容再次生成的义务,但该义务的边界须根据个案中的具体商业模式、人工智能技术发展状况等因素综合判断,且应有期限限制。在致害内容无法再次生成时,服务提供者负有告知义务。

The notification rule is a liability fixation clause,not a liability exemption clause in China.This determines that the notification rule can be applied to Generative AI infringements directly,rather than by analogy.The absence of counter-notification in the scenario of Generative AI is not a sufficient reason to deny the applicability of notification rule.The“information to accurately locate the infringing content”in the notification can be provided by the conversation records and screenshots,and the complaining party could not be the right holder.In Generative AI infringement cases,there are several changes in the“necessary measures”stated in traditional notification rule:(a)measures to prevent the expansion of damage shift from focusing on the infringing content that has already occurred to preventing infringing content in the future;(b)warning measures shift from alerting tortfeasors to alerting users of Generative AI;(c)security measures are not applicable;and(d)measures restricting or even ceasing shift from against network users to users who induce the generation of infringing content.Generative AI Service Providers are obligated to avoid the generation of infringing content after receiving the notification,but the boundary of the obligation should be determined according to the specific business model,the development of artificial intelligence technology,and other factors.Also there should be a time limited duration of this obligation.Generative AI Service Providers are obligated to inform the complaining part when the infringing content is failed to be generated again.