KAP模式管理对农村老年高血压合并糖尿病患者生存质量的影响

Effect of the KAP management mode on quality of life in the rural elderly hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus

目的:探讨知识-态度-行为(KAP)模式管理对农村老年高血压合并糖尿病患者生存质量的影响。方法:于2022年6月将上海市金山区朱泾镇200名60岁以上农村老年高血压合并糖尿病患者作为研究对象,随机分为干预组与对照组,每组各100人。对照组有男性44人,女性56人,平均年龄(70.08±5.14)岁,干预组有男性35人,女性65人,平均年龄(69.16±4.95)岁。对照组给予社区常规管理,干预组在常规管理基础上开展为期1年的KAP模式的管理干预。比较两组干预前后血压、空腹血糖、生活习惯、涉盐情况、心理调适、遵医行为及生存质量评价量表(SF-36)评分变化情况。结果:干预后,干预组收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖降低情况优于对照组(P<0.05),吸烟频率、涉盐严重程度下降情况优于对照组(P<0.05),锻炼频率、心理调适良好、遵医行为改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05)。干预组SF-36各维度得分和总得分改善情况均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:加强KAP模式管理对改善农村老年高血压合并糖尿病患者的血压、血糖水平,改善健康行为,提高生存质量都具有十分重要的现实意义。

Objective:To explore the effect of knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP)mode management on the quality of life of the rural elderly hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods:Two hundred rural elderly hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)over 60 years old in Zhujing Community,Jinshan District,Shanghai in June 2022 were selected as the study objects and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group with 100 cases each.There were 44 men and 56 women in the control group,with an average age of(70.08±5.14)years,and 35 men and 65 women in the intervention group,with an average age of(69.16±4.95)years.The control group was given the community routine management,and the intervention group was given the KAP mode management intervention for 1 year based on the routine management.The score changes of blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,living habits,salt-related status,mental adjustment,compliance behavior and quality of life assessment scale(SF-36)were compared between the two groups before and after intervention.Results:After intervention,the decrease of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose in the intervention group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05),the decrease of smoking frequency and salt-related severity in the intervention group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the improvement of exercise frequency,psychological adjustment and compliance behavior in the intervention group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).The scores of all dimensions(SF-36)and total scores in the intervention group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Strengthening KAP mode management is of great practical significance to improve blood pressure,blood sugar level,health behavior and quality of life of the elderly hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus in rural areas.