儿童预防接种工作在传染病防控管理中的应用价值评价

Evaluation of the application value of children's vaccination in the prevention and control of infectious diseases

目的探讨儿童预防接种工作在传染病防控管理中的应用价值。方法采取整群抽样法于2017年5月至2019年6月从本市4个社区选取1280名儿童作为研究对象,按时间分为两组,2017年5月至2018年5月作为对照组,2018年6月至2019年6月作为观察组。对照组予以常规预防接种工作,观察组实施预防接种工作规范化宣传指导。比较两组疫苗接种率,1年随访期间预防接种不良事件(AEFI)及疫苗疾病发生率。结果观察组麻疹、乙肝、卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎及百日破接种率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组结核病、脊髓灰质炎、百日破、白喉、破伤风疾病发生率比较差异无统计学意义;观察组麻疹、乙肝发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组疫苗质量事件、偶合症发生率比较差异无统计学意义;观察组不良反应、疫苗进行差错事件、心因性反应发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论儿童传染病防控管理中采取预防接种规范化宣传指导工作,有利于提升疫苗接种率,减少AEFI发生,且降低疫苗疾病发生率。

Objective To explore the application value of children's vaccination in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Methods 1280 children from 4 communitics in the city by cluster sampling from May 2017 to June 2019 were sclected as the research subjects,they were divided in to two groups according to time, from May 2017 to May 2018 served as the control group, and from June 2018 to June 2019 served as the observationgroup. The control group was given routine vaccination, and the observation group was implemented standardized publicity and guidance forvaccination. The vaccination rates, adverse events following immunization (AEFI) during one-year follow-up, and incidence of vaccine diseases werecompared between the two groups. Results The inoculation rates of measles, hepatitis B, BCG, poliomyelitis and diabolism in the observation groupwere higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in theincidence of tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, DPT, diphtheria and tetanus between the two groups;the incidence of measles and hepatitis B in the observationgroup were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences inthe incidence of vaccine quality events and coupling diseases between the two groups;and the incidence of adverse reactions, vaccine administrationerror events and psychogenic reactions in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion In the prevention and control management of childhood infectious diseases, the standardized publicity and guidance forvaccination is conducive to increasing the vaccination rate, reducing the occurrence of AEFI, and reducing the incidence of diseases.