细胞叠套结构在肝脏疾病中的研究进展

Research advances in the study of cell-in-cell structures in hepatic diseases

细胞叠套结构(cell-in-cell structures,CICs)是指一个或多个活细胞内化至其他细胞内,主要发生于同质细胞间,最常见于肿瘤细胞和上皮细胞间,也可发生于异质细胞间,如免疫细胞内化至肿瘤细胞中。随着近年来研究的不断深入,CICs在肝脏疾病中的重要性日益凸显。作为病理学诊断的一项关键指标,CICs的存在和程度对于准确判断肝脏疾病的类型和严重程度具有重要意义。CICs的形成涉及多种机制,包括细胞自食、吞噬性凋亡、细胞包裹性吞噬、细胞侵入性死亡以及伸入运动等,这些过程不仅在肿瘤细胞的营养获取、免疫逃避和肿瘤微环境的调节中发挥作用,而且在慢性乙型病毒性肝炎和肝细胞癌等疾病的发展过程中也扮演着重要角色。通过深入研究CICs的形成机制,有望为肝脏疾病的精准诊疗带来突破。此文对上述CICs在不同肝脏疾病中的作用及机制进行了系统回顾,并讨论了CICs在肝脏疾病的诊断、治疗策略及药物耐药性中的研究潜力。

Occurring primarily between homogenous cells,most commonly tumor cells and epithelial cells,cell-in-cell structures(CICs)refers to the internalization of one or more living cells into other cells.However,it can also happen among heterogeneous cells,such as an internalization of tumor cells in immune cells.In liver diseases,the presence and extent of CICs have attracted growing attention.Serving as a key pathological diagnostic indicator,accurately assessing the type and severity of liver diseases is dependent upon identifying the presence and degree of CICs.The formation of CICs involves multiple mechanisms,including cell cannibalism,phagoptosis,enclysis,entosis and emperipolesis.These processes play some vital roles not only in nutrient acquisition and immune evasion of tumor cells and the regulation of tumor microenvironment but also in the developments of chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma.Through further elucidating the formative mechanisms,the authors anticipate developing more precise therapeutic strategies of potentially revolutionizing liver disease treatment.This review summarized the role and mechanism of CICs in various liver diseases while discussing their potential implications for diagnosis,treatments and drug resistance.