国际卫生人力资源女性构成的相关研究综述

Analysis on Female Composition of International Human Resources for Health

国际上卫生人力资源正呈现女性占比增加的趋势。本研究综述了国际卫生人力资源中女性构成的现状与趋势、促成女性占比增加的原因、男性与女性卫生人员在工作特征上的差异,以及女性占比增加可能产生的影响,旨在为我国卫生人力资源转型提供参考。大多数发达国家的卫生领域较早出现女性人力资源占比增加的趋势,并且这一趋势持续上升。与此同时,越来越多发展中国家的卫生人力资源性别结构也开始出现类似的变化。不同性别的医师在医疗服务提供方式、科室选择以及平衡家庭与工作关系等方面存在显著差异。导致卫生人力资源女性占比增加的原因是多元化的,包括越来越多的女性选择学医、社会性别平等观念的普及,以及某些医学专业相对经济吸引力下降等因素。此外,卫生人力资源的转型可能会从根本上影响医疗服务的提供和临床治疗的质量。

Internationally,the gendered composition of human resources for health is showing a trend towards an increased proportion of women.This study comprehensively reviews the current status and trends of female composition in global health human resources,the reasons behind the increase in the proportion of women,differences in work characteristics,and the potential impacts,so as to provide references for the transformation of health human resources in China.In most developed countries,the trend of an increasing proportion of female health resources appeared earlier and continues to progress.At the same time,more developing countries are beginning to experience similar changes of increasing female health workforce.Physicians of different genders exhibit significant differences in their approach to service provision,choice of specialty,and work-family balance.The reasons behind the increasing proportion of women in health human resources are multifaceted,including a growing number of women choosing to pursue medicine,the widespread awareness of gender equality in society,and the declining relative economic attractiveness of certain medical specialties.Furthermore,the transformation of health human resources could fundamentally affect the provision of medical services and the quality of clinical care.