基层儿童口腔保健工作中低龄儿童龋的检出率差异及应对措施

Varied detection rates for early childhood caries in children's oral health care in China rural areas and some improvement measures

目的:分析梅州市大埔县3~5岁儿童乳牙龋病流行情况,发现基层儿童口腔保健工作中存在的问题,为基层地区儿童口腔保健工作的开展提供参考依据。方法:在大埔县5所机关幼儿园中随机抽取1所,对在园的3~5岁儿童进行龋病相关的口腔检查,并调取该幼儿园本年度常规儿童体检分析表中乳牙龋病相关数据进行比较。结果:本次调查共完成了446名儿童的口腔临床检查,共计发现龋齿2121颗。3、4、5岁儿童乳牙患龋率分别为54.86%、74.83%、87.10%,龋均分别为2.87、4.88、6.39,龋齿充填率分别为0%、2.51%、1.52%。各年龄组之间的患龋率及龋均有显著性差异(P<0.001)。同一年度的儿童常规体检和口腔专科检查两次检查中的龋齿检出率有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:大埔县3~5岁儿童乳牙龋患情况严重且龋齿充填率普遍偏低,常规儿童体检中龋齿检出率偏低,基层地区应提高对学龄前儿童乳牙龋病防治工作的重视程度。

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of early childhood caries(ECC)among 3-5-year-old children in Dabu County,Meizhou City,and to identify the problems of oral health care work in rural areas.The findings can serve as a reference for the development of oral health care for children in rural areas.Methods:One public kindergarten was randomly selected from five kindergartens in Dabu County.Oral examinations related to ECC were conducted on 3-5-year-old children in the selected kindergarten.Data of ECC from physical examination records of children in this kindergarten was also collected for comparison.Results:A total of 446 children underwent clinical oral examinations.The survey revealed a total of 2121 de-cayed teeth.The prevalence of ECC in 3,4,and 5-year-old children was 54.86%,74.83%,and 87.10%,respectively.The mean dmft(decayed-missing-filled tooth)was 2.87,4.88,and 6.39,respectively.And the filling rates was 0%,2.51%,and 1.52%,respectively.Significant differences were observed in the prevalence of ECC and the mean dmft among different age groups(P<0.001).The detection rate of dental caries showed significant differences between the two examinations conducted in the same year(P<0.001).Conclusion:The prevalence rate of ECC among 3-5-year-old children in Dabu County is high,and the filling rate is generally low.The detection rate of dental caries in routine physical examinations is also relatively low.It is necessary to enhance the importance of preventing ECC in preschool children in rural areas.