工科博士毕业生企业就业趋势及其影响因素——基于两次全国调查的分析

On Trends and Influencing Factors of Engineering PhD Graduates Corporate Employment-Analysis Based on Two National Surveys

随着学术劳动力市场变革,工科博士毕业生就业呈多元化趋势,其中企业就业引人关注。基于2017年、2022年全国博士生调查的数据,就业变化趋势及影响因素分析发现:工科博士毕业生就业明显向非学术领域转移,愈加看重职业前景与工作稳定性,对继续做研究的重视程度有所减弱;企业对工科博士毕业生吸引力逐渐增强,同一学科毕业生企业就业比例逐渐增高,不同学科毕业生到企业就业比例与起薪差异明显。院校类型、学科类型、学术动机、导师指导、课题经历等,是影响工科博士生企业就业选择的关键因素。要理性解读工科博士毕业生企业就业趋势,提升高校人才供给与产业需求匹配度,优化学科结构与招生规模。

With the changes in the academic labor market,the employment of engineering PhD gradu-ates diversifying,and the trend of employment in enterprises is particularly noteworthy.Based on the 2017 and 2022 National Doctoral Student Survey,this study analyzes the trends and factors influen-cing the choice of employment in enterprises of engineering PhD graduates.The results show that the employment of engineering PhD graduates has obviously shifted to non-academic fields,and they more concerned about career prospects and job stability and the importance of continuing to do research has decreased.The attractiveness of enterprises to engineering PhD graduates has gradually increased,the proportion of graduates from the same discipline who go to enterprises for employment has gradually increased,and the proportion of graduates from different disciplines who go to enterprises for employ-ment has significant differences in the percentage and starting salary.Further research found that the type of institution,discipline type,academic motivation,supervisor guidance,and subject experience are the key factors affecting the enterprise employment choice of engineering doctoral students.In conclusion,this study provides empirical insights from rationally interpreting the trend of enterprise employment of engineering PhD graduates,improving the matching degree between talent supply and industrial demand in universities,and optimizing discipline structure and enrollment scale.