基于综合评分法和风险商值法筛选黄河流域特征污染物及风险污染物

Screening of Characteristic Pollutants and Risk Pollutants in the Yellow River Basin Based on Comprehensive Evaluation and Risk Quotient Methods

随着工业化进程的加快和城市化的发展,大量污染物排入黄河流域,并被频繁检出,威胁生态系统和人类健康。为获取潜在生态环境风险污染物,该研究通过调研2000年1月1日−2022年12月31日Web of Science(WoS)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中黄河流域已报道的288篇污染物相关文献,使用多指标综合评分法筛选黄河流域的特征污染物,采用风险商值法获取水样和沉积物中的风险污染物。结果表明:①黄河流域共检出10类144种污染物,采用9类共13个筛选指标构建多指标综合评分法,对污染物各项指标进行评分,然后进行K-means聚类分析,按得分高低分为Ⅰ~Ⅵ级,选取得分较高的33种Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级高分值污染物作为黄河流域特征污染物,包括12种有机氯农药、10种多环芳烃、10种多氯联苯和1种邻苯二甲酸酯。②水样污染物浓度和沉积物含量前5种都是重金属、有机氯农药、邻苯二甲酸酯、多环芳烃以及药品和个人护理产品,而且二者顺序完全一致,且多数污染物的浓度之间存在显著相关性。③根据风险最大化原则,使用风险商值法(RQ)分别对水样和沉积物进行风险评估,将RQ≥0.1的污染物列为风险污染物,水样中共筛选出21种风险污染物,其中RQ≥1的高风险污染物有5种,包括硒、铅、苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[a]蒽和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。④沉积物中共筛选出19种风险污染物,其中有13种高风险污染物,包括8种多环芳烃(芘、蒽、荧蒽、苊、萘、芴、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[a,h]蒽)、4种重金属(汞、铅、硒、砷)和1种邻苯二甲酸酯(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)。该研究对相关部门拟定黄河流域污染物监测方案和管控措施有重要参考意义。

With the acceleration of industrialization and the rapid development of urbanization,a large number of pollutants were frequently detected in the Yellow River Basin threatening the ecological system and human health.In order to identify pollutants that may pose potential risks to aquatic ecosystems,a comprehensive scoring method including multiple indicators such as biological effects,environmental effects,and health effects was established to identify characteristic pollutants.The risk quotient method was used to determine risk pollutants in water samples and sediment.A total of 288 pollutant-related articles about the Yellow River Basin from January 1st,2000 to December 31st,2022 were investigated in the Web of Science and CNKI databases.A total of 144 types of pollutants in 10 categories were detected in the Yellow River Basin.A multi-index comprehensive scoring method with 13 screening criteria in 9 categories was employed to score various pollutant indicators.K-means cluster analysis was applied to classify pollutants into levelsⅠtoⅥbased on their scores.Thirty-three pollutants with higher scores in levelsⅠandⅡwere selected as the characteristic pollutants in the Yellow River Basin,including 12 organochlorine pesticides,10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,10 polychlorinated biphenyls,and 1 phthalic acid ester.The pollutants with the top five median concentrations in water and sediment samples were heavy metals,organochlorine pesticides,phthalic acid esters,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pharmaceutical and personal care products.According to the principle of risk maximization,risk quotient method was used to assess the risk of pollutants in water samples and sediments,and pollutants with RQ≥0.1 were classified as risky pollutants.Twenty-one risky pollutants were screened out from the water samples,of which 5 were high-risk pollutants with RQ≥1,including selenium,lead,benzo[a,h]anthracene,benzo[a]anthracene and dibutyl phthalate.Nineteen risky pollutants were screened out from the sediments.Among them,there were 13 high-risk pollutants,including 8 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollutants(pyrene,anthracene,fluoranthene,acenaphthene,naphthalene,fluorene,benzo[a]anthracene,benzo[a,h]anthracene),4 heavy metals pollutants(mercury,lead,selenium,arsenic),and 1 phthalic acid ester(dibutyl phthalate).The study holds significant reference value for relevant departments in formulating pollution monitoring plans and control measures in the Yellow River Basin.