气相爆轰合成碳纳米材料的研究进展

Research Progress on Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials by Gaseous Detonation

气相爆轰合成是一种新型的碳纳米材料制备方法,相对于其他碳纳米材料制备方法而言具有反应速度快、产物种类多、产量大、纯度高、操作简单和经济性高等优点,有利于促进碳纳米材料的工业化生产。为深入阐明气相爆轰法合成碳纳米材料的研究与发展状况,介绍了气相爆轰法合成所需仪器设备、实验流程、理论计算以及产物的表征方法等,整理归纳了气相爆轰法合成碳包覆纳米金属粒子、碳纳米球、碳纳米管、碳点和碳纳米胶囊等技术与方法,分析了合成产物的形貌、结构及性能特征,展望了气相爆轰下各种新型碳纳米材料的应用潜力与技术发展趋势,以期为合理设计、针对性优化、规模化合成纳米材料奠定理论基础。研究表明:爆轰合成应结合宏观的爆轰理论和微细观的粒子生长。当前借助爆轰波发动机与爆轰胞格结构研究热点,使宏观爆轰胞格与纳米材料微观合成过程构成联系是重点研究方向。然而,在研究爆轰合成粒子的生长机理时,聚集在微细尺度上的纳米粒子生长仍然也是一种跨尺度问题,有必要引入分子动力学和格子波尔兹曼计算方法加以解决。

Gaseous detonation synthesis is a novel approach for the production of carbon nanomaterials.This method offers several advantages over other techniques,including rapid reaction kinetics,diverse product types,high yield,exceptional purity,straightforward operation,and cost-effectiveness.These benefits make it highly suitable for promoting the industrial-scale manufacturing of carbon nanomaterials.To elucidate the current research and development status of gaseous detonation-synthesized carbon nanomaterials,this paper provides an overview of the necessary instruments and equipment,experimental procedures,theoretical calculations,and product characterization methods employed in this synthesis technique.Additionally,it summarizes the technologies and methodologies used to synthesize various carbon-based materials such as carbon-coated nanometallic particles,carbon nanospheres,carbon nanotubes(CNTs),carbon dots(CDs),and carbon nanocapsules via gaseous detonation synthesis.The morphology of these synthesized products is analyzed along with their structural features and performance characteristics.Furthermore,this study explores the potential applications and technological advancements associated with these newly developed gaseous detonation-synthesized carbon nanomaterials to lay a solid theoretical foundation for rational design optimization and large-scale production of nanostructured materials in line with industry standards in explosive engineering.Current research indicates that the synthesis of detonation should be integrated with both macroscopic detonation theory and microscopic particle growth.The investigation of detonation wave engine and the analysis of detonation cell structure have become prominent areas of study,particularly in understanding the relationship between macroscopic detonation cells and the microscopic synthesis process of nanomaterials.However,a significant challenge remains in comprehending the growth mechanism of particles synthesized through detonation on a micro-scale,necessitating the utilization of molecular dynamics and lattice Boltzmann calculation methods for resolution.