气泡帷幕对水下爆炸冲击波的衰减研究

Study on Attenuation of Underwater Explosion Shock Waves by Bubble Curtain

水下爆炸产生的冲击波对周围环境有巨大的破坏作用,采取气泡帷幕防护对爆破区域保护意义重大。为研究气泡帷幕层数对水下爆炸冲击波的衰减作用,使用Autodyn有限元软件建立了自由水域和不同层数气泡帷幕的水下爆炸模型,并对数值模型进行试验验证,拟合出了冲击波峰值超压的公式,并对比分析了不同气泡帷幕层数对水中冲击波衰减效果的影响。研究结果表明:气泡帷幕能明显削弱水下爆炸冲击波的峰值超压,1层气泡帷幕衰减比例可以达到83%以上,随着气泡帷幕层数的增加,对水下冲击波的衰减可以达到94%以上,2层气泡帷幕时气泡帷幕背爆面距爆心12 m处峰值超压比1层减少了61.94%,3层气泡帷幕时,背爆面距爆心12 m处比2层气泡帷幕时减少11.38%,4层气泡帷幕时气泡帷幕背爆面距爆心12 m处峰值超压仅比3层减少了6.42%,气泡帷幕可以明显地削弱水中冲击波。此外,较少的气泡帷幕层数可以明显衰减水下爆炸冲击波,但是随着气泡帷幕层数的增加,衰减效果越来越不明显。

The shock wave generated by underwater explosions has a significant destructive impact on the surrounding environment.Therefore,it is crucial to implement bubble curtain protection for blast area safety.This study aims to investigate the influence of the number of bubble curtain layers on attenuating underwater explosion shock waves.An underwater explosion model with free water and varying numbers of bubble curtain layers was established using AUTODYN finite element software.Through experimental validation of the numerical model,a formula for calculating peak overpressure of the shock wave was derived,and the impact of different numbers of bubble curtain layers on shock wave attenuation in water was compared.The results demonstrate that employing a bubble curtain can effectively reduce peak overpressure from an underwater blast shock wave,achieving an attenuation ratio as high as 83%.Furthermore,increasing the number of bubble curtain layers can further enhance this attenuation effect,reaching more than 94%reduction in peak overpressure.Specifically,when comparing two-layered and one-layered bubble curtains at a distance of 12 m from the detonation center behind the bubble curtain,there is a reduction in peak overpressure by 61.94%.Similarly,using a three-layered bubble curtain leads to an additional decrease in peak overpressure at this distance by 11.38%compared to using a two-layered one.However,when utilizing four-layered curtains instead of three-layers ones,there is only a marginal decrease in peak overpressure(6.42%)at this same distance.In conclusion,implementing a bubble curtain significantly weakens shock waves within water bodies during explosive events.Moreover,fewer layers within the bubble curtain result in greater attenuation effects.However,diminishing returns are observed with each subsequent increase in layer count.