南宁市HIV感染妇女心理健康状况及其影响因素探讨

Exploring the mental health status and influencing factors of HIV-infected women in Nanning City

目的了解广西壮族自治区南宁市人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染妇女焦虑和抑郁倾向的发生状况,并探讨HIV感染妇女焦虑、抑郁的影响因素。方法采用方便抽样方法,抽取2018年3月至2021年4月南宁市某传染病专科医院进行HIV母婴阻断的对359名HIV感染妇女进行问卷调查。结果共调查359名HIV感染妇女,焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)标准分为(44.32±8.58)分,抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)标准分为(48.64±11.06)分,焦虑情绪者检出率为21.7%,抑郁情绪者检出率为49.3%。多因素分析结果显示,良好的社会支持、剖宫产、文化程度为大专及以上是焦虑倾向的保护因素,文化程度为初中、怀孕次数≥4次是焦虑倾向的危险因素;良好的社会支持、文化程度为大专及以上是抑郁倾向的保护因素,怀孕次数≥4次、配偶感染HIV情况不详是抑郁倾向的危险因素。结论南宁市HIV感染妇女心理健康状况较差,艾滋病母婴阻断随访中,应将HIV感染妇女作为健康评估的重点人群,关注其焦虑、抑郁等心理健康问题,并采取针对性干预措施,以提高该类特殊人群的心理健康水平。

Objective To understand the incidence of anxiety and depression in the Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected women in Nanning City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and to explore the influencing factors of anxiety and depression in HIV-infected women.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 359 HIV-infected women who underwent HIV mother-to-child interruption at a specialised hospital for infectious diseases in Nanning City between March 2018 and April 2021 using a convenience sampling method.Results A total of 359 HIV-infected women were investigated,with a standard score of(44.32±8.58)on the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and(48.64±11.06)on the self-rating depression scale(SDS)standard score.The detection rate for anxiety persons was 21.7%,and for depressive persons was 49.3%.The results of multivariate analysis showed that good social support,cesarean section,and education level of college or above were protective factors for anxiety tendency,and education level of junior high school and the number of pregnancies≥4 were risk factors for anxiety tendency.Good social support,education level of college and above were protective factors for depression tendency,and the number of pregnancies≥4 and unknown HIV status of spouse were risk factors for depression tendency.Conclusion The mental health status of the HIV-infected women in Nanning City is poor.HIV-infected women should be regarded as the key group for health assessment in the follow-up of mother-to-child interruption of AIDS.Attention should be paid to their mental health problems such as anxiety and depression,and targeted interventions should be made to improve the mental health of the particular group of people.