2016—2021年广州市荔湾区学校传染病聚集性疫情流行特征分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of school infectious disease outbreaks in clusters in Liwan District,Guangzhou City from 2016 to 2021

目的分析2016—2021年广州市荔湾区学校传染病聚集性疫情的流行特征,为应对学校聚集性疫情提供依据。方法采用Excel 2010进行数据整理,采用SPSS 22.0进行描述性统计分析;采用占比对分类变量进行描述,采用χ^(2)检验、Kruskal-Wallis检验进行组间比较。结果2016—2021年广州市荔湾区共报告学校传染病聚集性疫情269起,病例数3575例。按疾病种类分为流行性感冒(33.46%)、手足口病(28.62%)、疱疹性咽峡炎(17.47%)、其他感染性腹泻(15.61%)、水痘(4.83%),不同病种聚集性疫情的发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=231.900,P<0.001)。学校传染病聚集性疫情每年的高发月为5月和12月,托幼机构报告136起(50.56%)、小学95起(35.32%),不同学校类型的聚集性疫情的发生频次差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.352,P<0.001)。结论荔湾区要加强托幼机构和小学,高发月份为5月和12月,以手足口、疱疹性咽峡炎、流行性感冒和其他感染性腹泻为主的传染病的防控工作;要持续加强全区学校师生传染病防控知识培训,提高个人防护意识,持续推动疫苗接种。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of school infectious disease outbreak in clusters in Liwan District of Guangzhou from 2016 to 2021,and to provide a basis for responding school-based outbreak in clusters.Methods Data was organized using Excel 2010,and descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0.Categorical variables were described using occupancy ratios,and the Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied for intergroup comparisons.Results From 2016 to 2021,a total of 269 school infectious disease outbreak in clusters were reported in Liwan District,Guangzhou,involving 3575 cases.The diseases were categorized into influenza(33.46%),hand-foot-mouth disease(28.62%),herpetic angina(17.47%),other infectious diarrhea(15.61%),and chickenpox(4.83%).There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of outbreak in clusters of different diseases(χ^(2)=231.900,P<0.001).The peak months for school infectious disease outbreak in clusters were May and December,with 136 cases(50.56%)reported in daycare institutions and 95 cases(35.32%)in primary schools.There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of outbreak in clusters among various school types(χ^(2)=22.352,P<0.001).Conclusion Liwan District intensifies its efforts in preventing and controlling infectious diseases,particularly in kindergartens and primary schools,especially during the high incidence months of May and December.The main infectious diseases include hand-foot-mouth disease,herpetic angina,influenza,and other infectious diarrhea.Continuous enhancement of training in infectious disease prevention and control knowledge is necessary for teachers and students across the district,along with raising awareness about personal protection and sustaining vaccination efforts.