免疫策略时期盐城市水痘流行特征及儿童水痘疫苗接种率分析

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella and analysis of varicella vaccination rate in children in Yancheng City during periods of immunization strategies

目的分析2013—2022年盐城市不同免疫策略时期水痘的流行特征和儿童水痘减毒活疫苗(live attenuated varicella vaccine,VarV)(简称“水痘疫苗”)接种率,为盐城市进一步优化开展水痘防制提供证据支持。方法收集2013—2022年盐城市水痘发病数据,采用描述性统计法分析水痘流行的时间、地区、人群特征以及儿童水痘疫苗接种情况,分析适龄儿童VarV接种率和水痘发病率的相关性。结果2013—2022年盐城市累计报告水痘病例34609例;年标化发病率最低为2013年的8.13/10万,最高为2019年的92.38/10万,呈先上升后下降趋势;水痘发病存在明显的季节性特征,以12月至次年1月和5~6月为主,占总病例数的64.65%(22375/34609);亭湖区、盐都区和阜宁县为累计水痘报告发病率最高的3个地区,发病率分别为1430.24/10万、640.51/10万和606.12/10万;男女报告病例数比为1.25∶1;儿童VarV接种率和水痘报告发病率呈负相关。结论2013—2022年盐城市水痘发病率呈先上升后下降趋势,学生和托幼机构儿童为感染的高危人群。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and the vaccination rate of live attenuated varicella vaccine(VarV)(abbreviated as varicella vaccine)in children during different periods of immunization strategies in Yancheng City from 2013 to 2022,and to provide evidence support for the further optimization of varicella prevention and control in Yancheng City.Methods The incidence data of varicella in Yancheng City were collected from 2013 to 2022,and the temporal,regional,and population characteristics of varicella epidemics as well as children′s varicella vaccination were analyzed using descriptive statistics to analyze the correlation between VarV vaccination rate and incidence rate of varicella in school-age children.Results From 2013 to 2022,a total of 34609 cases of varicella were cumulatively reported in Yancheng City.The annual standardized incidence rates were the lowest at 8.13/100000 in 2013 and the highest at 92.38/100000 in 2019,with an increasing and then decreasing trend.The incidence of varicella had obvious seasonal characteristics,mainly from December to January and from May to June,accounting for 64.65%(22375/34609)of the total number of cases.Tinghu District,Yandu District and Funing County were the three regions with the highest cumulative reported incidence of varicella,with the incidence rates of 1430.24/100000,640.51/100000 and 606.12/100000,respectively.The ratio of male to female reported cases was 1.25∶1.The rate of VarV vaccination in children showed a negative correlation with the reported incidence rate of varicella.Conclusion From 2013 to 2022,the incidence rate of varicella in Yancheng City shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing.Students and children in childcare settings are the high-risk population for infection.