新文科视域下大学人文学习的价值与复兴策略研究

Reviving Humanistic Learning in the University to Build the“New Humanities”in China

大学的诞生与勃兴和人文学习密切相关,后者为其提供知识养分和教学基础,并深刻地影响了中世纪大学内部组织结构和权力结构的发展。人文学习的目的和现代大学存在与发展的根基高度吻合。然而,学科高度分化、知识实用主义和工具理性、人文学科发展困境等因素使得人文学习在大学中被轻视。当下,中国正在开展新文科建设,强调学科深度交叉融合有利于破解学科过度分化的问题,改革文科学术评价体系有助于破除人文学者的囚徒困境,培养综合性文科人才有利于增强大学人文学习的吸引力,重定文科学科内容在一定程度上可以纾解人文学习本体性发展难题。借助新文科建设这一重要机遇,紧握人文学科和人文主体双重主线,大学人文学习有望复兴。

Humanistic learning used to be a key component of university education.However,the past few decades have witnessed progressive marginalization and even devaluation of the humanities and human as a subject in the university,due to the over-emphasis on specialized and applied disciplines,predominance of utilitarianism and instrumental rationality,as well as the use of evaluation methods typical of scientific activity but unadjusted to the specificity of the humanities and human as a subject.Currently,China is building the“New Humanities”to improve the quality of higher education.It is high time to revive humanistic learning,or,reaffirm the importance of the humanities and human as a subject,in the university via various approaches:1)promoting interdisciplinarity to integrate the humanities with sciences and other disciplines;2)reforming the performance evaluation system to save humanists from the“tyranny of metrics”;3)redefining the humanities to improve the social relevance and social impact of humanist knowledge.