基于实测数据的飞机虚拟预装配技术发展综述

Review of Virtual Pre-Assembly Technology for Aircraft Based on Measured Data

新一代飞机等航空重大型号呈现出高隐身、重载、远程、长寿等阶跃发展新特征,使得现有基于理论模型的数字化装配仿真协调技术难以满足其超高的装配精度与服役性能要求。针对上述装配精度进一步提升的新需求,介绍了一种引入装配关键特征实测模型的虚拟预装配技术,通过在装配过程中精准表达零件制造误差与装配累积误差,实现在精度要求超高的装配关键部位质量精准控制与溯源调整。通过分析该技术实现特点,厘清了基于实测数据的飞机虚拟预装配技术体系框架。梳理了飞机复杂结构的装配关键特性识别与分析、面向虚拟预装配的零件几何特征测量与重构以及面向装配语义与几何特征约束的虚拟预装配分析等相关关键技术的发展现状,结合新一代飞机的超高尺寸精度与服役性能需求,得出了数字孪生体系下面向实测模型的虚拟预装配技术发展新趋势。

The new generation of aircraft and other major aviation models presents new characteristics of high stealth,heavy load,long range,long life and other leaps and bounds,which makes the existing digital assembly simulation coordination technology based on theoretical model difficult to meet its ultra-high assembly accuracy and service performance requirements.In view of the new demand for further improvement of assembly accuracy,a virtual pre-assembly technology that introduces the measured model of key assembly characteristics is introduced.By accurately expressing the manufacturing error of parts and the accumulated error of assembly during the assembly process,the precise quality control and traceability adjustment of assembly key parts with high accuracy requirements are realized.By analyzing the characteristics of this technology,the framework of virtual pre-assembly technology system for aircraft based on measured data is constructed.The development status of key technologies related to the identification and analysis of key assembly characteristics of complex aircraft structures,the measurement and reconstruction of geometric features of parts oriented to virtual pre-assembly,and the virtual pre-assembly analysis oriented to assembly semantics and geometric feature constraints are summarized.Combined with the ultra-high dimensional accuracy and service performance requirements of the new generation of aircraft,the new development trend of virtual pre-assembly technology towards the actual model under the digital twin system is clarified.