建筑类型学视角下满洲里地区历史俄式砖石建筑特征分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Historical Russian Brick and Stone Architecture in the Manchuria Region from the Perspective of Architectural Typology

历史建筑作为时代繁荣和文明更替的见证者,承载着深刻的历史内涵。满洲里砖石建筑体系,经受地域气候和历史背景等因素的综合塑造,呈现出鲜明的特色和丰富的类型。文章通过实地调查测绘、文献查阅整理等基础研究方法,选取40余处代表满洲里历史砖石建筑遗址。在类型学原型理论的指导下,对这些建筑的材料、装饰和结构等方面进行原型提取和对比分析,以期得出系统的总结和归纳。并在文章结论思考部分点明了气候、资源、技术是其建筑形态特征的主导因素;民族、文化、居住者地位使建筑形态多样化、个性化;建筑智慧的长期积累与更新,创造了低能耗、低成本的地域营造模式。研究丰富了内蒙古地区传统建筑文化语言及形态,为边远地区历史建筑保护研究工作起到了推动作用。

As witnesses of the prosperity of the times and the replacement of civilizations,historical buildings carry profound historical connotations.The brick and stone architectural system in Manzhouli has been comprehensively shaped by various factors such as regional climate and historical background,presenting distinct characteristics and rich types.This article selects more than 40 representative historical brick and stone architectural sites in Manzhouli through basic research methods such as on-site investigation and mapping,literature review and organization.Under the guidance of typological prototype theory,prototype extraction and comparative analysis are carried out on the materials,decorations,and structures of these buildings,in order to obtain a systematic summary and induction.It is pointed out that climate,resources,and technology are the dominant characteristics of its architectural form;Ethnic,cultural,and residential status make architectural forms diverse and personalized;The long-term accumulation and updating of architectural intelligence have created a low energy consumption and low-cost regional construction model.The above research enriches the language and form of traditional architectural culture in Inner Mongolia,and plays a promoting role in the research on the protection of historical buildings in remote areas.