内蒙古土默特地区藏传佛教大殿壁画病害及预防性保护研究

Study on the Disease and Preventive Protection of Murals in Tibetan Buddhism Hall in Tumed Area of Inner Mongolia

内蒙古藏传佛教壁画是内蒙古地域建筑遗产重要组成部分,具有较高的历史价值和文化价值。通过对土默特地区藏传佛教壁画现状调查发现:现有病害主要是色彩层开裂、剥落等,地仗层开裂、空鼓,底层结构开裂和局部塌陷,造成以上病害的主要原因是土默特地区自然气候、地理灾害、人为因素以及藏传佛教殿堂建筑本身等。文章结合已有针对病害保护的文献提出具体针对土默特地区藏传佛教壁画不同病害的预防性保护办法:及时清理壁画表面的污渍、加固回贴起甲空鼓的壁画、安装室内外温湿度监测设备、广泛宣传对建筑遗产的保护重要性等,为日后内蒙古藏传佛教壁画预防性保护提出参考。

Tibetan Buddhist murals in Inner Mongolia are an important part of the regional architectural heritage of Inner Mongolia,which have important historical and cultural values.Through the investigation of the current situation of Tibetan Buddhist murals in Tumed area,it is found that the existing diseases are mainly cracking and peeling of the color layer.The main reasons for the above diseases are the natural climate,geographical disasters,human factors and the factors of Tibetan Buddhism temple building itself in Tumed area.Based on the existing literature on disease protection,this paper puts forward specific protection methods for different diseases of Tibetan Buddhist murals in Tumed area:timely cleaning up the stains on the surface of murals,strengthening the murals attached to the hollow drum,installing indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity monitoring equipment,and widely publicizing the importance of architectural heritage protection,so as to provide reference for the preventive protection of Tibetan Buddhist murals in Inner Mongolia in the future.