脊柱外科手术后静脉血栓栓塞的研究进展

Research progress of venous thromboembolism following spinal surgery

静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)是骨科大手术围手术期常见并发症,致死率、致残率较高。近年来随着VTE各项预防措施的不断推广,VTE预防在髋膝关节置换术、髋部骨折手术中已获得了显著成果。脊柱外科手术复杂、创伤大,术后VTE是不可忽视的问题,但脊柱外科手术后VTE预防是目前临床工作的盲区。本文从流行病学、危险因素、诊断、预防、药物预防、评估量表等方面对脊柱外科手术后VTE的研究进展进行综述。

Venous thromboembolism(VTE)is a common perioperative complication in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgeries,with high mortality and disability rates.In recent years,the continuous promotion of various preventive measures has led to significant achievements in VTE prevention for hip and knee arthroplasty,as well as hip fracture surgery.However,spinal surgery,characterized by its complexity and high degree of trauma,still faces considerable challenges regarding postoperative VTE.The prevention of postoperative VTE remains a blind spot in current clinical practice.This review summarizes the recent research advancements on VTE following spinal surgery,focusing on epidemiology,risk factors,diagnosis,prevention,pharmacological prophylaxis,and assessment scales.