胡塞尔现象学下的童年世界意义考察

A Study on the Meaning of Childhood World under Husserl’s Phenomenology

从胡塞尔的现象学来看,儿童世界首先是一种先验的交互主体性存在样态,在其中“先验的自我”作为一种原初意向性不断地构造着客观世界。成人所谈论的世界虽然总是把儿童世界排除在外,但是胡塞尔认为儿童世界所产生的变形、融合以及原促建性是成人世界所缺少的,成人世界对自我的构造只是在已有世界基础之上的转换而已。童年世界暗含着人类世界视域的原始视域,儿童正是借助同感和身体而达至对陌生经验的认识。这就说明,童年世界的意义发生是一种自心自性的内在考察,任何外在的、建构论的或技术化的分析,都可能是一种对童年世界存在意义的反向抵消。现象学哲学下的童年世界考察可看作童年现象学的研究。

From the perspective of Husserl’s phenomenology,children’s world is first of all a transcendental state of interactive subjectivity,in which“transcendental self”as a kind of original intentionality constantly constructs the objective world.Although the world that adults talk about always excludes the world of children,Husserl believes that the deformation,fusion and original constructiveness of the world of children are what the adult world lacks,and the self-construction of the adult world is only a transformation over the existing world.In the world of childhood,the primitive vision of the human world has been implied,and it is through empathy and the body that children reach the recognition of strange experiences.The study of the world of childhood under the phenomenological philosophy can be regarded as the study of phenomenology of childhood.