铜尾矿/聚磷酸铵阻燃聚氨酯的制备及研究

Preparation and Study of Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Based on Copper Tailings and Ammonium Polyphosphate

以聚磷酸铵(APP)/铜尾矿(CTS)为阻燃体系,采用一步全水发泡法制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫/聚磷酸铵/铜尾矿(RPUF/APP/CTS)复合材料。阻燃测试表明,RPUF-30APP的极限氧指数(LOI)达到24.0%,垂直燃烧测试达到V-0级别,其阻燃性明显提高。锥形量热测试表明,RPUF-30APP的热释放速率峰值(PHRR)由纯样的300.5 kW/m^(2)降低至139.4 kW/m^(2),下降幅度高达53.6%;总热释放(THR)由纯样的40.0 MJ/m^(2)下降至28.1 MJ/m^(2),降低幅度高达29.8%,表明APP/CTS体系明显降低复合材料燃烧过程中的热释放,其火灾安全性提高。炭渣分析表明,CTS/APP/RPUF复合材料燃烧过程中形成了致密的炭层,提高了复合材料的阻燃性能。该研究为CTS提供了一个新的应用领域,并为提高聚合物的防火安全性铺平了道路。

Rigid polyurethane foam/ammonium polyphosphate/copper tailings(RPUF/APP/CTS)composites were prepared by a one-step all-water foaming method using ammonium polyphosphate(APP)/copper tailings(CTS)as the flame-retardant system.Flame-retardant tests show that the limiting oxygen index(LOI)of RPUF-30APP reaches 24.0%and RPUF-30APP shows a V-0 level in vertical flame test,indicating the significantly enhanced flame retardancy of the composites.The cone calorimetric tests show that the peak heat release rate(PHRR)of RPUF-30APP is 139.4 kW/m^(2).Compared with pure RPUF exhibiting a PHRR value of 300.5 kW/m^(2),the PHRR value of RPUF-30APP shows a reduction of 53.6%.Compared with pure RPUF exhibiting a total heat release(THR)value of 40.0 MJ/m^(2),the THR value(28.1 MJ/m^(2))of RPUF-30APP is decreased by 29.8%,suggesting that the APP/CTS system can significantly decrease heat release of the composites during combustion and enhance the composite fire safety.The carbon residue test shows that CTS/APP/RPUF composite materials form dense char layers during combustion,improving the flame retardancy of the composites.This work provides a new application field for CTS and paves a novel approach to enhance the fire safety of polymers.