扬州市2016—2022年流感暴发疫情流行病学特征分析

Analysis of the epidemiologic features of influenza outbreak epidemics in Yangzhou City from 2016 to 2022

目的分析扬州市2016—2022年流感暴发疫情数据,了解流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征。方法从突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统和中国流感监测信息系统搜集扬州市2016—2022年流感和流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)暴发疫情资料,对疫情概况、时间分布、地区分布、发生场所、规模和病原学等数据进行统计分析。结果扬州市2016—2022年共报告流感样病例暴发疫情84起,经实验室检测,80起为流感暴发疫情,主要为乙型B(Victoria)型流感病毒(43.75%)和混合型流感病毒(21.25%)。流感暴发疫情学校罹患率为0.24%~9.56%。疫情主要集中在3月和12月。广陵区报告起数最多,报告24起,占30.00%(24/80);其次是邗江区,报告15起,占18.75%(15/80)。流感暴发疫情发生场所主要在幼儿园、小学和中学,小学最多,占疫情总数的93.75%。流感暴发疫情规模以10~29例为主,占疫情总数的55.00%。扬州市2016—2019年、2022年流感暴发疫情阳性检出率分别为43.92%、36.04%、21.21%、66.31%、66.23%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=207.394,P<0.001)。结论冬、春季为扬州市流感暴发疫情报告的高峰期,小学是暴发疫情的高发场所,应该加强中小学校疫情监测,预防和控制流感疫情暴发。

Objective To analyze the data of influenza outbreak epidemics in Yangzhou City from 2016 to 2022,and to understand the epidemiologic features of influenza outbreak epidemics.Methods The outbreak epidemics data of influenza and influenza-like illness(ILI)in Yangzhou City from 2016 to 2022 were collected from the Public Health Emergency Management Information System and the China Influenza Surveillance Information System.The data of epidemic situation,time distribution,regional distribution,occurrence place,scale,and etiology were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 84 influenza-like illness outbreak epidemics were reported in Yangzhou City from 2016 to 2022.According to laboratory tests,80 cases were influenza outbreak epidemics,mainly Influenza B(Victoria)virus(43.75%)and mixed Influenza virus(21.25%).The attack rate of influenza outbreak epidemics in schools ranged from 0.24%to 9.56%.The epidemics were concentrated in March and December.The largest number of cases was reported in Guangling District,with 24 cases accounting for 30.00%(24/80),followed by Hanjiang District with 15 cases reported,accounting for 18.75%(15/80).Influenza outbreak epidemics occurred mainly in kindergartens,primary schools and middle schools,with primary schools having the largest number,accounting for 93.75%of the total number of epidemics.The scale of influenza outbreak epidemics were dominated by 10 to 29 cases,accounting for 55.00%of the total number of epidemics.The positive detection rates of influenza outbreak epidemics in Yangzhou City from 2016 to 2019 and 2022 were 43.92%,36.04%,21.21%,66.31%,and 66.23%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=207.394,P<0.001).Conclusion Winter and spring are the reported peak periods of influenza outbreak epidemics in Yangzhou City,and primary schools are the places of high incidence of influenza outbreak epidemics.Epidemic surveillance in primary and secondary schools should be strengthened to prevent and control influenza outbreak epidemics.