2018—2021年绵阳市食品中化学污染物监测结果分析

Analysis of monitoring results of chemical pollutants in food in Mianyang City from 2018 to 2021

目的了解绵阳市食品中化学污染物的现状,确定风险因子的可能来源及分布,为采取针对性措施提供参考依据。方法2018—2021年在绵阳市所辖县市区共采集765份食品样品进行重金属、生物毒素、农药残留等项目的检测。对检测结果进行描述性分析,采用χ^(2)检验对不同年份样品合格率进行比较。结果765份食品样品的总合格率为96.86%。不同年份合格率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=30.86,P<0.05);不同采样地点的样品其合格率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.62,P>0.05);定型包装和散装样品其合格率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.29,P>0.05);来自城市和农村的样品其合格率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.88,P>0.05)。检出率为100.00%的指标是钡、锰、铜、硝酸盐和丙烯酰胺,检出率超过20.00%的指标有31个。蛋及蛋制品、肉及肉制品、蔬菜及其制品和食用菌及其制品存在样品不合格情况,合格率分别为98.95%、98.86%、90.27%和33.33%。检出超标的化学污染物是钡、镉、锰、总汞、总砷、二硫代氨基甲酸酯、灭蝇胺、特布他林和恩诺沙星。结论2018—2021年绵阳市食品总体卫生质量较好,但部分食品的卫生质量不容乐观,应加强蔬菜、姬松茸、熟肉制品和鸡蛋等食品品种的卫生管理和监测。

Objective To understand the current situation of chemical pollutants in food in Mianyang City,to determine the possible sources and distribution of risk factors,and to provide reference basis for taking targeted measures.Methods A total of 765 food samples were collected in the counties and cities under the jurisdiction of Mianyang City for the detection of heavy metals,biotoxins,pesticide residues,and other items from 2018 to 2021.Descriptive analysis of the test results was conducted,and Chi-square test was used to compare the qualification rates of samples from different years.Results The total qualification rate of 765 food samples was 96.86%.The difference in qualification rates between different years was statistically significant(χ^(2)=30.86,P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the qualification rate of samples from different sampling locations(χ^(2)=5.62,P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the qualification rate between the packaged samples and the bulk samples(χ^(2)=0.29,P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the qualification rate between samples from urban and rural areas(χ^(2)=1.88,P>0.05).The indicators with a detection rate of 100.00%were barium,manganese,copper,nitrate,and acrylamide.There were 31 indicators with a detection rate exceeding 20.00%.Eggs and egg products,meat and meat products,vegetables and their products,and edible mushrooms and their products had unqualified samples,with the qualification rates of 98.95%,98.86%,90.27%and 33.33%,respectively.The chemical pollutants detected exceeding the standard were barium,cadmium,manganese,total mercury,total arsenic,dithiocarbamate,chlorpyrifos,terbutaline,and enrofloxacin.Conclusion From 2018 to 2021,the overall hygienic quality of food products in Mianyang City is good,but the hygienic quality of some food products is not optimistic.Should strengthen the hygienic management and monitoring of vegetables,agaricus blazei murrill,cooked meat products,eggs and other food varieties.