黄海大海洋生态系滨海湿地保护:进展与建议

Coastal wetland conservation in Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem:progress and suggestions

黄海大海洋生态系(YSLME)滨海湿地是东亚—澳大利西亚候鸟的中转站和越冬栖息地,对东亚-澳大利西亚迁徙路线的候鸟至关重要。由于过去几十年的经济发展,中国和韩国都开垦了大量的滨海湿地,因此生境丧失被确定为是对YSLME的一个重大跨界威胁。为缓解这一跨界威胁,YSLME二期项目在其战略行动计划中提出数项管理行动计划,同时,旨在2030年前保护30%海洋的全球生物多样性保护目标(3030目标)也得到了通过。因此,重点介绍了中国和韩国在湿地保护法律法规、滨海湿地保护地建设、公众意识以及国际合作等方面的进展,并简要介绍了朝鲜的滨海湿地保护情况,为更好地解决滨海湿地丧失这一跨界威胁和实现3030目标提供了建议。YSLME滨海湿地保护主要进展为:中韩两国逐渐完善其湿地保护法律法规体系、早期滨海湿地面积急剧丧失的趋势在近年来得到缓解、两国都建立了越来越多的滨海湿地保护地、提升公众意识已经体现在各级法律法规中、中韩之间有持续的滨海湿地国际合作交流活动。对于未来的保护工作,提出了四点建议:扩大滨海湿地保护地面积、保护迁徙动物的生态廊道、加强YSLME滨海湿地保护地网络建设以及增强保护地信息的可获得性。

Coastal wetland of Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem(YSLME)is of vital importance to migratory birds using the East Asian⁃Australasian Flyway by providing staging and over⁃wintering habitats for them.Due to the economic development in the past decades,massive coastal habitats were reclaimed in both China and Korea.Habitat loss was identified as a major transboundary threat to YSLME.Several management actions were proposed to address this transboundary issue in the Strategic Action Plan of YSLME Phase II Project.At the same time,ambitious global biodiversity targets aiming at conserving 30%of seas by 2030(3030 goals)was also adopted.In this paper,the progress of China and Korea in terms of coastal wetland conservation law and regulation framework,coastal wetland protected areas designation,public awareness and international cooperation will be reviewed to reflect the coastal wetland conservation progress in YSLME.The coastal wetland conservation information of North korea was also described briefly.Suggestions for future conservation work were proposed for better addressing the coastal wetland habitat loss problem and achieving 3030 goals.The main achievements are:China and Korea have gradually improved the legal and regulatory systems for coastal wetland conservation,the rapid decline trend of coastal wetland in the early period has been slowed down,more coastal wetland was conserved in recent years,public awareness was embodied in laws and regulations at various level,China and ROK have sustained international cooperation and communication on coastal wetland conservation.Our suggestions for future work are:expand the area of coastal wetland protected areas,protect the ecological corridors of migratory species,strengthen the YSLME coastal wetland protected area network and enhance the data accessibility of Marine Protected Area information.