导师制主导下本科生培养模式探讨

“导师制”是适应新时期大学生综合素养提升的重要培养策略,目前已经在我国很多高校中实施。但不同高校和专业在实施“导师制”过程中存在较大的差异,甚至将其异化,缺乏从培养模式的高度对这一策略进行宏观的总结和归纳,不利于“导师制”在大学生综合素质培养中的优势发挥。该文通过对“导师制”主导下的教学与管理相关角色的权责范围和主要工作进行解析,从培养目标与考核方式、课程设置及组织形式四个方面深入分析“导师制”主导下本科生培养模式的建构及其要点,并对相关认识误区进行辨析,结论如下。(1)“导师制”下的“导师”与班主任和辅导员之间是一种相互补充的权责关系,是对现有培养模式的一种优化和补充。“导师”在学生专业能力培养、人格品质塑造和未来职业兴趣点构建方面应该扮演更为重要的角色。(2)“导师制”培养模式的实施有赖于培养目标和考核方式巨大变革,需要更加突出学生的综合素养和专业的社会价值的认同感。(3)“导师制”需要课程设置上更加灵活地兼顾理论课程与实践课程、必修课程与选修课程的关系,适当增加选修课程的比例,并突出以小组化形式组织课程学习与专业训练,突出“以赛带学”“以项目研究带学”和“以社会实践带学”等为主要的学习形式。

The"mentor system"is an important training strategy to adapt to the comprehensive literacy improvement of college students in the new era,and it has been implemented in many universities in China.However,there are significant differences and even alienation in the implementation of the"mentor system"among different universities and majors,lacking a macro summary and induction of this strategy from the perspective of training models,which is not conducive to the advantages of the"mentor system"in the comprehensive quality cultivation of college students.This paper analyzes the scope of responsibilities and main work of teaching and management related roles under the guidance of the"mentor system",and deeply analyzes the construction and key points of the undergraduate training model under the guidance of the"mentor system"from four aspects:training objectives and assessment methods,curriculum design and organizational form.It also distinguishes relevant misconceptions.The conclusion is as follows:①The"mentor"under the"mentor system"There is a complementary power and responsibility relationship with the homeroom teacher and counselor,which is an optimization and supplement to the existing training mode.Mentors should play a more important role in cultivating students'professional abilities,shaping their personality traits,and building their future career interests.②The implementation of the"mentor system"training mode relies on a significant change in training objectives and assessment methods,which requires a more prominent recognition of students'comprehensive literacy and professional social value.③The"mentor system"requires a more flexible curriculum design that takes into account the relationship between theoretical courses and practical courses,as well as between compulsory and elective courses.It should appropriately increase the proportion of elective courses and highlight the organization of course learning and professional training in a group format.The main forms of learning should be"competition led learning",project research led learning,and"social practice led learning".