中等强度有氧运动心脏自主神经调控能力的性别差异

Gender differences in the ability of cardiac autonomic nerve regulation during continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise

为了研究中等强度持续有氧运动心脏自主神经调控能力的性别特征,对20名健康年轻男性和19名健康年轻女性60%[V(O_(2))_(max)]运动强度30 min跑台的运动前、运动中、运动后50~60 min、运动后次日晨的心率变异性及其变化特征进行了比较.结果表明:1)运动前安静状态,相邻R-R间期差值均方根、高频功率、标准化高频功率女性均高于男性(P<0.05),低频高频比值女性低于男性(P<0.05).2)运动过程中,时域指标和频域指标低于运动前(P<0.05),处于低水平且未表现出明显的性别差异.3)运动后50~60 min的总功率和高频功率仍低于运动前(P<0.05),低频高频比值仍高于运动前(P<0.001);运动后次日晨心率变异性与运动前无差异;运动后50~60 min女性的高频功率高于男性(P<0.05),低频高频比值低于男性(P<0.05);次日晨女性的总功率、高频功率高于男性(P<0.05),低频高频比值低于男性(P<0.001).结论:安静状态心脏自主神经整体张力不存在性别差异,但女性存在迷走神经优势;一次中等强度30 min有氧运动可导致健康年轻男女心脏自主神经张力显著抑制,运动后50~60 min不能恢复,运动后24 h可完全恢复,其中,交感神经恢复快于迷走神经,迷走神经的恢复女性快于男性.

In order to study the gender differences in the ability of cardiac autonomic nerve regulation during moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise,a total of 20 healthy young men and 19 healthy young women were selected to performe a 30 min treadmill exercise at a 60%[V(O_(2))_(max)]intensity and then analyzed in detail.The heart rate variability and changes were compared before,during,50~60 min after exercise,as well as the following morning.The results showed that:1)Before exercise,the DRMSS,phf and pnhf were higher in females than males(P<0.05),while the plf/phf were lower in females than males(P<0.05).2)During exercise,both the time-domain and frequency-domain values exhibited a significant decrease compared to preexercise levels(P<0.05),which remained consistently low and did not demonstrate any gender disparities.3)50~60 minutes after exercise,the PT and phf remained lower than before exercise(P<0.05),and the plf/phf higher than before exercise(P<0.001);the HRV in the following morning did not show any significant difference from the pre-exercise level.The phf 50~60 minutes after exercise were higher in females than males(P<0.05),whereas the plf/phf were lower(P<0.05);the PT and phf the following morning after exercise were higher in females than males(P<0.05),while the plf/phf were lower(P<0.001).It was concluded that there was no gender disparity in the overall power of cardiac autonomic nerves during the resting state,but women exhibited a vagal advantage;a 30-minute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise could inhibit cardiac autonomic nervous tone in healthy young people,which could not recover within 50~60 minutes after exercise,but could fully recover after 24 hours.During the recovery process,the sympathetic nerve tone recovered faster than the vagus nerve,with females demonstrating a more rapid recovery in vagal tone than males.