基于电气特性分析的光伏组件热斑故障识别

HOT SPOT FAULT DETECTION OF PV MODULES BASED ON ELETRLCAL CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS

随着光伏发电迅速发展,热斑故障因对光伏组件的性能和寿命产生严重影响而逐渐受到关注。根据光伏发电系统的组成结构和运行情况分析,利用Matlab/Simulink仿真平台,基于正常运行的光伏组件的仿真模型推导出存在热斑故障的光伏组件仿真模型,通过实验对比二者的电气特性曲线差异,并测得光伏组件在不同遮挡率下的电气特性曲线得到利用电气特性曲线特定特征来识别光伏组件热斑故障的方法。研究结果表明:1)存在热斑故障的光伏组件的电气特性曲线呈现多峰现象,输出功率比正常运行光伏组件的输出功率低;2)当环境温度不变时,随着遮挡率上升,光伏组件的电气特性曲线从单峰特性向双峰特性或多峰特性变化,随着太阳辐照量的降低光伏组件的输出电流和输出功率均减少。

With the rapid development of PV power generation,hot spot fault has gradually attracted attention because of its serious impact on the performance and life of PV modules.Based on the analysis of the composition and operation of PV power generation systems,this paper uses the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform to deduce the simulation model of PV module with hot spot fault based on the simulation model of normal running PV module.The difference between the characteristic curves of the two was compared through experiments,and the electrical characteristic curves of PV modules under different occlusion rates are measured,obtain a method for identifying hot spot faults in PV modules using specific features of electrical characteristic curves.The research results show that:1)The electrical characteristic curve of the PV module with hot spot fault shows multi-peak phenomenon,and the output power is lower than that of the normal operation PV module.2)When the ambient temperature is constant,with the increase of the occlusion rate,the overall output performance of the PV module also changes from single-peak characteristics to donble-peak characteristics or multi-peak characteristics.With the decrease of solar irradiance,the output current andontput power of the PV module decrease.