不合脚鞋类对青年女性足底压力分布的影响

Effect of ill-fitting Footwear on Plantar Pressure Distribution of Young Women

以往鞋类合脚性研究主要集中在鞋楦尺寸与穿着者脚型尺寸吻合性方面,受个人脚型尺寸变化、穿鞋习惯及设计因素制约,高度匹配脚型的鞋类产品很难实现。有研究已证实了不合脚的鞋类是足部受压和皮肤摩擦的主要原因,同时也会造成行走姿态发生改变。为了进一步探讨鞋类合脚性与人体穿着行走的影响,尤其是与足底压力分布的关系,研究设计了不同尺码的实验样鞋,通过问卷调查询问了9名实验对象穿鞋合脚性的主观感受,并进一步使用X光机确认实验对象足部与鞋类的匹配状态,使用Footscan足底压力平板采集实验对象在鞋偏小、偏大和合脚三种状态下的足底压力峰值和足底压力中心轨迹,结果发现:鞋类尺寸发生变化时,足底压力峰值和足底压力中心轨迹均发生改变,在鞋偏小状态、偏大状态与合脚状态相比,足部脚趾、第一跖趾关节,第五跖趾关节、足弓和足跟部位的足底压力峰值存在显著差异(p<0.05)。鞋类尺寸变化显著影响足底压力的分布。

Previous studies on shoe fit mainly focused on the compatibility between the shoe's last size and the wearer's foot size.Restricted by individual foot size change,footwear habit and design factor,it is difficult to achieve highly matching foot-type footwear products.Studies have confirmed that ill-fitting footwear was the main cause of foot pressure and skin friction and could also cause the change in walking posture.To further explore the influence of ill-fitting footwear on human gait and establish the relationship between shoe fit and plantar pressure distribution,a questionnaire survey was conducted,in which 9 subjects were asked about their subjective feelings of shoe fit.X-ray machines were further adopted to confirm the matching status of the subjects'feet and shoes,and Footscan plantar pressure plate was used to collect the peak value of plantar pressure and the trajectory of plantar pressure center of the subjects under the three conditions of shoes being too small,too large and moderate.Results showed that,when the shoe size changed,the peak value of plantar pressure and the locus of plantar pressure center changed.Compared with the shoes-fitting condition,the peak value of plantar pressure in the toe,the first metatarsophalangeal joint,the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint,the arch and the heel of the foot were significantly different(p<0.05)under the conditions of shoes being too small and too large.Shoe size changes significantly affect the distribution of plantar pressure.