隧道施工作业人员佩戴颗粒物防护口罩适合性及影响因素分析

Suitability of wearing particulate matter protective masks in tunnel construction workers and related influencing factors

目的分析隧道施工作业人员佩戴颗粒物防护口罩适合性与工人头面部尺寸之间的关系,探索相关影响因素。方法选择某隧道施工作业现场工人200人为研究对象,调查个人基本信息,测量身高、体重,使用TSI Pro+8038、8048进行折叠式和杯式口罩适合性检验,手持三维扫描仪进行头面部尺寸测量。结果适合性检验单因素分析,研究对象佩戴口罩形状和所属民族对通过率的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过组与未通过组头面部尺寸测量显示,折叠式口罩9501V+额最小宽,9502V+两耳屏间宽,杯式口罩8576两耳屏点间颌下弧长、两下颌角宽、鼻宽和BMI,8577头冠状弧、耳屏鼻根长、两耳屏点间颏下弧长、颈围、形态面长和BMI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。适合性检验多因素分析,形态面长、鼻宽和BMI值与适合性检验通过的概率呈正相关,口宽值呈负相关。相较于折叠式口罩,杯式口罩通过的概率更大。头面部尺寸分栏总体覆盖率为85.0%,折叠式和杯式口罩的#5、#7、#8、#10通过人数较多。结论对于本次现场研究的施工作业人员,杯式口罩较折叠式口罩更为适用;形态面长、鼻宽和BMI的值越大,口宽的值越小,适合性检验的通过概率越高,结合我国头面部尺寸分栏标准,形态面长可作为快速选择口罩的主要判断依据,鼻宽、口宽以及BMI可作为适合性检验的主要参考依据;为提高呼吸防护效果,建议通过适合性检验为工作人员筛选合适的口罩类型。

Objective To analyze the association between the suitability of particulate matter protective masks worn by tunnel construction workers and the head and face dimensions of the workers,and to investigate related influencing factors.Methods A total of 200 workers from a tunnel construction site were selected as subjects.Basic personal information was obtained,and their body height and weight were measured.TSI Pro+8038 and 8048 were used to conduct the suitability test of the folding and cup masks,and the three-dimensional scanner Artec EVA was used for the measurement of head and face dimensions.Results For the suitability test,the univariate analysis showed a significant difference in pass rate between the type of mask and the ethnicity of the subjects(P<0.05).Measurements of the head and face dimensions showed that there were significant differences between the pass group and the failure group in minimum forehead size of 9501V+masks,bitragion breadth of 9502V+masks,bitragion-submandibular arc,bigonial breadth,nasal breadth,and BMI for 8576 masks,and transversal arc,bitragion-ophryon arc,bitragion-gnathion arc,neck circumference,morphological facial length,and BMI for 8577 masks(P<0.05).The multivariate analysis of suitability test showed that the values of morphological facial length,nasal breadth,and BMI were positively correlated with the probability of passing the suitability test,while the value of mouth breadth was negatively correlated with the probability of passing the test.Compared with folding masks,cup masks had a higher probability of passing the test.The overall coverage of the head and face size sub-column was 85.0%,with a higher number of passes for#5,#7,#8,and#10 for folding and cup masks.Conclusion Cup masks are more suitable for tunnel construction workers than folding masks.Higher values of morphological facial length,nasal breadth,and BMI and a lower value of mouth breadth are associated with a higher probability of passing the suitability test.With reference to the head and face size sub-column standard in China,morphological facial length can be used as the main judgment basis for rapid selection of masks,and nasal breadth,mouth breadth,and BMI can be used as the main reference bases for suitability test.In order to improve the effect of respiratory prevention,the suitability test is recommended for use to identify suitable mask types for workers.