上海市居民环境健康素养水平及影响因素分析

Analysis of environmental health literacy level and its influencing factors among residents in Shanghai,China

目的掌握上海市居民环境健康素养基本情况,并分析其影响因素,旨在为精准提升素养水平提供一定科学指导。方法通过多阶段整群随机抽样对上海市6个区共1498名15~69周岁常住居民进行环境健康素养调查,应用χ^(2)检验、多因素Logistic回归模型对影响上海市居民环境健康素养水平的人口学特征因素进行分析。结果2023年上海市居民具备环境健康素养的人群约占总调查人群的36.67%,一级分类中基本理念素养水平较低(33.75%);二级分类中基本认知素养水平较低(20.63%)。上海市居民环境健康素养总体水平在居住地区、性别、年龄、职业文化程度等人口学特征因素上的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中城区居民的环境健康素养水平(41.53%)高于郊区居民(31.81%),男性(39.44%)高于女性(33.89%),15~17岁年龄居民素养水平最高(46.88%),领导干部和公务员的素养水平最高(49.28%),研究生及以上学历的居民素养水平最高(60.00%),人均月收入高于21000元的居民素养水平最高(44.83%)。多因素Logistic回归模型结果显示居住地区、性别、年龄、文化程度对居民环境健康素养水平的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2023年上海市居民环境健康素养水平整体较高,基本理念素养水平有待提升;素养水平影响因素包括:居住地区、性别、年龄及文化程度。今后要强化居民的基本认知和科学知识素养,着重关注居住在郊区、高龄、文化程度较低的居民,并在基本知识尤其是科学知识宣传方面更侧重于女性群体。

Objective To investigate the current situation of environmental health literacy among residents in Shanghai,China and analyze its influencing factors,and to provide scientific guidance for accurately improving the level of environmental health literacy.Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a survey for environmental health literacy among 1498 residents aged 15-69 years of 6 districts in Shanghai.The chi-square test and multiple logistic regression model were used to analyze the demographic factors influencing the environmental health literacy level among residents in Shanghai.Results In 2023,the number of residents with environmental health literacy in Shanghai accounted for about 36.67%of the total surveyed population.The level of basic concept literacy in the primary class was relatively low(33.75%)and the level of basic cognition literacy in the secondary class was relatively low(20.63%).There were significant differences in the overall level of environmental health literacy between residents with different residential areas,genders,ages,and occupational education levels(P<0.05);the environmental health literacy level was higher in urban residents(41.53%)than in suburban residents(31.81%),higher in males(39.44%)than in females(33.89%),highest in residents aged 15-17 years(46.88%),highest in leading cadres and civil servants(49.28%),highest in residents with graduate degree or above(60.00%),and highest in residents with a per capita monthly income higher than 21000 yuan(44.83%).The multiple logistic regression model showed that the effects of residential area,gender,age,and education level on the environmental health literacy level of residents were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion In 2023,the environmental health literacy of residents in Shanghai is generally high,while the level of basic concept literacy needs to be improved.Residential area,gender,age,and educational level are the factors influencing environmental health literacy.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the basic cognition and scientific knowledge literacy of residents,with a focus on elderly,low-educated residents living in rural areas.In the publicity of basic knowledge,especially scientific knowledge,more attention should be paid to the female population.