食品安全法律责任阶梯化的关键问题研究

Research On the Key Issues of the Legal Liability Ladder for Food Safety

食品安全法律责任阶梯化是解决食品安全领域法律责任合理化的一种重要途径,可以有效提高食品安全治理水平。当前存在行刑衔接缺失、惩罚性赔偿金额缺乏弹性、刑事责任设置不平等、一味从严设定的法律责任缺乏可操作性等问题。实现食品安全法律责任阶梯化应当遵循法律明确性原则和比例原则。刑事立法应当将危害食品安全犯罪的对象、主体、资格刑与行政法相协调,罚款应当折抵罚金。行政法律应当降低行政处罚的最低限度,实现行政责任梯度清晰化。惩罚性赔偿标准应当增强灵活性,并设置赔偿金额的上限。食品药品监管渎职罪应当增加罪刑阶梯。

Food safety legal liability ladder is an important way to solve the rationalization of legal liability in the field of food safety,which can improve the level of food safety governance more effectively.At present,there are some problems in the poor connection between legal liability and execution,such as the lack of flexibility in the amount of punitive damages,the unequal setting of criminal liability,and the lack of operability in blindly setting legal liability.The principle of legal clarity and the principle of proportionality should be followed to realize the ladder of legal liability for food safety.The criminal legislation should coordinate the object,subject and qualification punishment of crimes against food safety with the administrative law,and the fine should be converted into a fine.We will lower the minimum level of administrative punishment and make the gradient of administrative responsibility clear.We will increase the flexibility of punitive compensation standards and set the upper limit of the amount of punitive damages.We will increase the level of punishment for dereliction of duty in food and drug supervision.