教师教学艺术的形成规律及其三重境界——基于“道”“术”哲学视角

Formation law of teachers′teaching art and its threefold realm:based on the philosophical perspective of"Tao"and"Technique"

教学艺术是教师娴熟地运用综合的教学技能技巧,按照美的规律而进行的独创性教学实践活动。教师教学艺术的修炼需要经过“道”与“术”的不断竞逐,从“道”与“术”发展的不平衡逐步走向平衡。其中,“道”层面的教学艺术是指教师开展教学活动的总原理和规律,是教师内心教学信念、教学智慧、教学勇气等的综合体。“术”层面的教学艺术是指教师为达成教学目的,在教学过程中使用的一切教学方法、策略、途径、手段等,是教师教学技巧的体现。教师教学艺术的道术竞逐历经三重境界:以“术”寻“道”、以“道”驭“术”和“道”“术”归一。

The art of teaching is an original teaching practice carried out by teachers skillfully using comprehensive teaching skills and techniques in accordance with the laws of beauty.The cultivation of teachers′teaching art needs to go through the continuous competition between"Tao"and"Technique",and gradually move from the imbalance between the development of"Tao"and"Technique"to balance.Among them,the teaching art at the level of“Tao”refers to the general principles and laws of teachers′teaching activities,and is a synthesis of teachers’inner teaching beliefs,teaching wisdom,teaching courage,etc.The teaching art at the"technical"level refers to all teaching methods,strategies,approaches,means,etc.used by teachers in the teaching process to achieve teaching purposes,which is the embodiment of teachers′teaching skills.The Taoist competition of teachers’teaching art goes through three realms:seeking the Tao with art,mastering the Tao,and unifying the Taoism.