铅冶炼厂污酸处理含铊污泥减量化研究

Research on reducing the amount of thallium containing sludge in lead smelter acid treatment

我国铅冶炼企业产生的含铊废水主要是烟气净化废水俗称污酸,约占冶炼厂废水总量的20%到30%,污酸总铊在原料中本身含量高、用于烟气净化的稀酸经过多次循环,使得企业污酸中总铊浓度相对较高。铊本身是一种剧毒物质,其中最具毒性和隐蔽性的铊盐莫过于硫酸铊。铅冶炼企业生产过程会在不经意间将铊带入生态环境的同时威胁人类的健康,环境污染问题日益凸显,含铊矿产资源利用过程中,必须采取必要的预防污染措施。在现有企业废水处理工序中加入离子交换设备即污酸加入高锰酸钾氧化后,经过RCX-5143树脂置换浓缩回收;出水Tl控制在极低水平的同时,有效减少了后续沉淀污泥的处理量;通过技术中心实验研究表明通过离子交换除铊设备与现有工艺的配合,可以满足实验设计中污泥减量化的目的,可以为企业生产节约成本同时为改进工艺提供支持。

The thallium-containing wastewater produced by China's lead smelting enterprises is mainly flue gas purification wastewater,commonly known as sewage acid,accounting for about 20%to 30%of the total wastewater of smelters,and the total thallium of the sewage acid has a high content in the raw material itself,and the dilute acid used for flue gas purification has been cycled for many times,making the total thallium concentration in the sewage acid of the enterprise relatively high.Thallium itself is a highly toxic substance,the most toxic and hidden thallium salt is thallium sulfate.The production process of lead smelting enterprises will inadvertently bring thallium into the ecological environment while threatening human health,environmental pollution problems are becoming increasingly prominent,thallium-containing mineral resources utilization process,must take necessary pollution prevention measures.After adding ion exchange equipment to the wastewater treatment process of existing enterprises,that is,after the oxidation of potassium permanganate added to the sewage acid,it is concentrated and recovered by RCX-5143 resin replacement;the effluent Tl is controlled at a very low level at the same time,which effectively reduces the processing capacity of subsequent precipitated sludge;through the experimental study of the technical center,the cooperation between the ion exchange thallium removal equipment and the existing process can meet the purpose of sludge reduction in the experimental design,which can save costs for the production of enterprises and provide support for improving the process.