城市社区养老服务设施需求层次研究与启示——以北京中心城区为例

Research and Insights on the Demand Levels for Community Based Elderly Care Facilities:A Case Study of Central District of Beijing

针对当前社区养老服务设施体系定位不清晰、功能供需不匹配的问题,本研究从需求出发,通过Kano模型问卷对北京中心城区老年人的社区养老服务需求层次进行分类,并结合满意度系数给出优先级排序。结果显示,在21项养老服务中,餐食供应是绝大多数老年人的必备需求,且不同年龄、收入老年人群体的需求也存在显著差异。基于上述结果,研究结合各项服务对空间环境的要求以及常见的设施规模,从体系建设和分类设计两方面总结社区养老服务设施建设启示,将设施分为轻量级、中量级、重量级3类,并提出了相应的功能配置建议。

In view of the unclear positioning of community-based elderly care facilities and mismatch between supply and demand,this study classifies the community-based care needs of the elderly in central Beijing and gives the priority through the Kano Model and satisfaction coefficient.The results show that among the 21 services,meal provision is a necessary need for the vast majority of the elderly,with significant differences in need among the elderly groups of different ages or incomes.Based on the results as well as the requirements of each service for the space environment and the common scale of the facilities,this paper summarises the insights of community-based elderly care facilities from two aspects of system construction and architectural design.The facilities are divided into three categories which are lightweight,mediumweight,and heavyweight,and corresponding functional configuration suggestions are put forward.