湖南省“一村一品”发展现状及空间分布特征分析

Development status and spatial distribution characteristics of“One Village One Product”in Hunan

【目的】探究湖南省“一村一品”发展情况及空间分布格局,为农业特色产业优化布局和提升现代农业发展水平提供理论依据。【方法】基于2011—2022年湖南省获得农业农村部认定的135个全国“一村一品”示范村镇数据,借助地理信息系统(GIS)技术,综合利用平均最近邻域分析、核密度分析、地理重心迁移等空间分析方法,对湖南省“一村一品”示范村镇空间分布特征及演变规律进行分析。【结果】湖南省“一村一品”示范村镇空间分布特征表现为西北部、东北部和南部示范村镇分布多,中部和中西部分布较少;2011—2022年“一村一品”示范村镇呈极显著聚集分布(P<0.01),主要聚集在区位特色资源明显的湘西,以及交通便利、经济发达的长沙和湘潭。湖南省不同地区“一村一品”产业结构发展不均衡。种植业是最具优势产业,其产业聚集度在全省呈遍地分布的特点,高值区聚集在长株潭都市农业区。“一村一品”产品类别多样化且有明显分布特点,其中果品、蔬菜和茶叶三大类最为突出及具有竞争力。果品类主要聚集在东南西三面环山的主产区,其分布与海拔呈显著正相关(r=0.96,R^(2)=0.93,P<0.05);蔬菜类主要聚集在长株潭都市农业区,茶叶类主要集中在茶叶主产区湘西。“一村一品”获批数量呈波动增长趋势,示范村镇的地理重心整体上分布在中部。【建议】加大特色资源挖掘,提升示范村镇数量和质量;深入发展农产品深加工、涉农服务业、电商和信息化乡村产业融合发展平台,促进一二三产融合发展;依据现有特色产品的区位优势,优化乡村产业布局;重视品牌的差异化定位,多途径培育品牌,多样化推广宣传,提升品牌影响力。

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the development status and spatial distribution of the“One Village One Product”(OVOP)program in Hunan,which could offer reference for optimizing the layout of rural characteristic industries and enhancing the level of modern agricultural development.【Method】Data from 135 OVOP villages and towns announced by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs from 2011 to 2022 were utilized.Based on geographical information system(GIS)technique,and through spatial analysis techniques such as average nearest neighbor analysis,kernel density analysis,and migration of gravity center,the spatial distribution characteristics and evolution patterns of OVOP villages and towns in Hunan were analyzed.【Result】The spatial distribution characteristics of OVOP demonstration villages and towns in Hunan were more distributed in the northwest,northeast and south,and less distributed in the central and midwest parts.From 2011 to 2022,these villages and towns showed extremely significant trend of aggregation(P<0.01).The OVOP villages and towns in Hunan were mainly concentrated in Xiangxi with high-altitude and distinctive location-specific resources,as well as in cities with developed transportation and a favorable economy such as Changsha and Xiangtan.The industrial structure of OVOP exhibited imbalance development among different regions.The planting industry was the most prosperous industry,distributing everywhere in Hunan,with high-value areas mainly concentrated in the areas surrounding the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration.The product categories of OVOP program in Hunan encompassed a diverse range of product categories,each with distinct distribution characteristics.The top three categories were fruit,vegetable,and tea.Fruit production was mainly concentrated in the major production areas in the eastern,southern and western regions where mountains surround the areas,and had significant positive correlation with altitude(P<0.05).Vegetable production was mainly concentrated in the urban agricultural areas of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region.Tea production was primarily concentrated in Xiangxi,which was the main tea-producing region.From 2011 to 2022,the number of OVOP approvals in Hunan exhibited a fluctuating growth trend.Simultaneously,the gravity center of OVOP showed a tendency to aggregation in the central region.【Suggestion】To strengthen the exploration of characteristic resources,it is recommended to improve the quantity and quality of OVOP demonstration villages and towns.At the same time,it is crucial to prioritize the advancement of agricultural product processing,agriculture services industry,e-commerce,and information-based rural industry integration platforms.These efforts can promote the integrated development of the primary,secondary and tertiary industries.In addition,it is necessary to optimize the layout of rural industries based on the location advantages of existing characteristic products.Attention should be given to differentiated brand positioning,multi-brand cultivation,diverse forms of promotion,and collaborative efforts in building brand influence.