单增李斯特菌毒力因子及调控机制研究进展

Research progress of virulence factors and regulatory mechanisms ofListeria monocytogenes

单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)是一种革兰氏阳性食源性致病菌,能在低温、高温、高渗透压等多种不利条件下生长存活。在宿主体内,单增李斯特菌首先寄生于胃肠道,随后穿过肠道屏障,再通过血液传播到靶器官引发系列疾病,整个过程与单增李斯特菌独特的毒力因子及调控机制密切相关。该文首先回顾整理了单增李斯特菌在感染期间关键毒力因子的主要作用及目前新进展,介绍了毒力调控因子(Prf A)和转录调控因子(σ~B),着重讨论了调控因子在宿主外环境和内环境的相互作用,最后对目前新的毒力调控因子进行归纳总结,为全面理解单增李斯特菌的感染机制和进一步开展精准防控提供一定参考。

Listeria monocytogenes,a gram-positive foodborne pathogen,demonstrates the ability to survive and thrive under adverse conditions,including low temperatures,high temperatures,and high osmotic pressure.Within the host organism,L.monocytogenes initially parasitizes the gastrointestinal tract,subsequently traverses the intestinal barrier,and disseminates through the bloodstream to target organs,giving rise to a series of pathologies.This entire process is closely associated with the unique virulence factors and regulatory mechanisms of L.monocytogenes.This article begins with a thorough review and organization of the pivotal roles played by key virulence factors during L.monocytogenes infection,as well as the latest discoveries in this field.Subsequently,it introduces the virulence regulatory factor(PrfA)and the transcriptional regulatory factor(σB),with a specific focus on discussing the interplay of these regulatory factors within both the extracellular and intracellular environments of the host.Finally,a summarization and synthesis of the current novel virulence regulatory factors are provided,offering essential insights to comprehensively understand infection mechanisms of L.monocytogenes and laying the groundwork for further precise prevention and control measures.