食用菌采后侵染性病害生物防治研究进展

Research progress on biological control of postharvest infectious diseases of edible mushrooms

我国作为世界第一的食用菌生产、消费和出口大国,近年来食用菌产业发展迅速。食用菌子实体组织鲜嫩,采摘后其品质会持续下降,并极易受到机械伤的损害和微生物的侵染。采后贮藏过程中的病害问题极大地损害了食用菌的经济效益,而目前的食用菌采后保鲜技术及研究相对滞后,常用的化学保鲜剂已逐渐不符合目前绿色发展的需求。而生物防治凭借其绿色环保和不会引起病原菌产生抗药性变异等优点成为目前具有前景的采后病害控制手段。因此该文对当前食用菌的各类采后病害问题、拮抗微生物、及其生物防治机理研究进展进行了全面综述,目前食用菌采后病害控制方面的研究技术总体不足,因此,亟需大力发展绿色保鲜技术,并将其无缝融入食用菌产业的总体战略中。该文对目前的食用菌采后病害生物防治研究具有重要的参考价值,也为采后食用菌贮藏保鲜方式开发提供重要理论支撑,助力食用菌产业绿色健康和可持续发展。

China,as the world’s leading producer,consumer,and exporter of edible mushrooms,has witnessed rapid development in its edible mushroom industry in recent years.Despite this growth,challenges persist in the post-harvest phase,particularly concerning the susceptibility of edible mushroom substrate tissue to deterioration and damage.The quality of edible mushrooms tends to decline after harvesting,making them highly vulnerable to mechanical injury and infestation by microorganisms.The issues arising during post-harvest storage pose a significant threat to the economic viability of the edible fungi sector.Unfortunately,the existing post-harvest preservation technologies and research efforts are somewhat lagging behind industry demands.Conventional chemical preservatives,once widely used,are now deemed incompatible with contemporary aspirations for green development.Biological control has become the most promising means of post-harvest disease control by virtue of its green and environmentally friendly nature and the fact that it does not cause resistant mutations in pathogenic bacteria.This paper aimed to provide an overview of the prevailing issues related to various post-harvest diseases affecting edible mushrooms.Additionally,it delved into the research progress on antagonistic microorganisms and their biological control mechanisms.The findings underscored the overall inadequacy of current research technologies in post-harvest disease control for edible mushrooms.Consequently,there was a compelling need to vigorously develop green preservation technologies and seamlessly integrate them into the overarching strategy of the edible mushroom industry.Meanwhile,this paper had an important reference value for the current research on biological control of post-harvest diseases of edible fungi,and also provided important theoretical support for the development of post-harvest edible fungi storage and preservation methods,and helped the green,healthy,and sustainable development of the edible fungi industry.