企业能动性适应与产业链韧性锻造研究——以中国轴承产业为例

Enterprise Initiative Adaptation and Forging the Resilience of Industrial Chain:Evidence From Bearing Industry in China

锻造产业链韧性是建设现代化产业体系的重要内容,也是构建新发展格局的迫切需要。本文基于“企业能动性适应概念界定—类型划分—锻造产业链韧性作用机理”的逻辑框架,构建企业既通过连续性适应增强技术韧性,又通过非连续性适应增强业务韧性,最终上下游企业通过能动性适应协调互动合力锻造产业链韧性的理论框架。本文以中国轴承产业为例,将目前轴承产业链韧性提升面临的现实问题作为研究起点,代入具体情境进行深入分析。研究表明,中国轴承企业连续性适应不足使得补链能力受限,非连续性适应不强使得固链水平偏低,上下游企业能动性适应相互制约给锻造产业链韧性带来严峻挑战。以往政府对要素市场的干预、以市场换技术、追求产值和体量的政策导向是造成上述问题的原因。本文的研究结论可为政府重新审视企业能动性适应,发挥企业在锻造轴承产业链韧性中的主体作用提供启示。

In recent years,“black swan”and“gray rhino”events have occurred frequently,and the instability and uncertainty of the global industrial chain have increased significantly.Forging the resilience of industrial chains has become the key to building a modern industrial system,and also an urgent need to build a new domestic and international dual⁃cycle development pattern.Although existing research puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to enhance the resilience of industrial chains from different perspectives,there are few studies on the role of enterprises in improving the resilience of industrial chains.From the perspective of the initiative of enterprises,it is of great practical and theoretical significance to explore the role of enterprises in forging the resilience of industrial chains and its internal mechanism.Based on the logical framework of“analysis of the connotation of initiative adaptation,type classification,mechanism of forging industrial chain resilience”,this paper constructs a theoretical framework that enterprises not only enhance their technical resilience through continuous adaptation but also enhance their business resilience through discontinuous adaptation.Finally,the two dynamic adaptations of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain coordinate and interact to forge the industrial chain resilience.Taking the bearing industry as an example,based on the investigation of bearing enterprises in Hangzhou,Ningbo,and Shaoxing,this paper explores the evolution path of bearing enterprises’initiative adaptation within the scope of investigation based on the mechanism of enterprise initiative adaptation to forging industrial chain resilience,and analyzes the present situation and problems of improving the resilience of bearing industry chain in China from the perspectives of chain complementation,fixation,and strengthening.This paper finds that the resilience of the bearing industry chain refers to the ability of bearing enterprises to effectively prevent the impact of uncertainty from technology,market,and policy,and quickly recover themselves by promoting the evolution of their initiative adaptation and the upstream and downstream initiative adaptation.However,at present,the lack of continuity adaptation of bearing enterprises in China limits the ability of chain complementation,and the lack of discontinuity adaptation leads to a low level of chain fixation.Additionally,the mutual restriction of initiative adaptation of upstream and downstream enterprises poses a severe challenge to forging the resilience of industrial chain.In the past,the policy orientation of administrative intervention and control of factors,exchanging market for technology,and pursuing output value and volume has inhibited the initiative adaptation of bearing enterprises.The above conclusions provide policy enlightenment for the government to re⁃examine the initiative adaptation of enterprises and give full play to the main role of enterprises in forging the resilience of“four bases”industrial chains such as the bearing industry chain.