陶渊明生命境界论——兼论陶渊明思想之儒道归属问题

On Tao Yuanming's Realm of Life

陶渊明的卓异之处在于他立足于对现实中生命之忧患痛楚艰辛的深刻观照和体验,对生命的价值、意义以及理想的生命范式进行了深入的哲性思考并将其融入自己的生命实践中,最终达到了自由、本真、诗化、澄明、超越的生命境界。陶渊明的拂衣归田、躬耕陇亩、委怀琴书、性乐酒德、纵浪大化都有一个共同的旨归,即个体生命之自然价值的充分实现。陶渊明思想之儒道归属是长久以来学界一直争论不休的话题。如果以追求生命的社会价值还是自然价值之充分实现作为评判一位士人思想之儒道归属的最重要标准的话,那么后期陶渊明的思想归属是道家而非儒家。从陶渊明的人生实践及诗文中,无数后代士人皆汲取了如何面对得失、穷达、荣辱、生死等诸多困境的生命智慧。

It is remarkable that Tao Yuanming integrated his philosophical thinking of life value with his life practice and finally reached the life realm of freedom truth and transcendence based on the profound view and experience of the suffering in reality.His returning to the countryside,farming in the field,enjoying lyre-playing,reading and drinking all shared a common purpose:the full realization of the individual life.Whether Tao Yuanming believed in Confucianism or Taoism has been a controversial topic for a long time.If the full realization of social value or natural value of life is the most important criterion to judge the belief of Confucianism or Taoism of an intellectual,then Tao Yuanming's later ideological belief is Taoism rather than Confucianism.From Tao Yuanming's poems,articles and life practice,the later intellectuals have learned the life wisdom of how to face the dilemma of gain and loss,poverty and rich,glory and shame,life and death.