论南宋禅僧诗新变及影响

On the New Changes and Influence of Chan Monk Poetryin Southern Song Dynasty

禅僧诗渐兴于唐代,到南宋发展至顶峰。宋代现存禅僧诗近三万首,创作数量庞大,足可称为宋代文学、文化领域的重要一支。相较于前代的禅僧诗作,南宋禅僧诗创作呈现新特点,以其对空静超然审美理想的探索为特征,破除了晚唐体苦吟悲风的表达局限性,进一步摆脱了传统佛、理的一味哲理化阐述的束缚,愈发强调抒写个人情感和内心体验,与士大夫文学日益融合,呈现出僧诗创作发展的新局面,对于宋代诗论的发展、学术思想的探讨也产生了不容忽视的作用。

Chan monk poetry originated and gradually flourished in Tang Dynasty,reaching its peak in Southern Song Dynasty.There are nearly 3,000 poems of Chan monk left from Song Dynasty,which can be regarded as an important branch of literature and culture in Song Dynasty with its large number.Compared with the poetry of Chan monks in the previous generation,the poetry creation of Chan monks in Southern Song Dynasty presents such new characteristics as exploring aesthetic ideal of emptiness and tranquility,breaking the expression limitations of bitter and sorrowful chanting of late Tang style,further breaking free from the constraints of traditional philosophical exposition of Buddhism and philosophy,and increasingly emphasizing the expression of personal emotions and inner experience.It presents a new situation of the development of monk poetry creation with its gradual integration with literati literature and plays an indispensable role in the development of Song Dynasty poetry theory and academic thinking.