职业教育评价的制度嵌入和改革进路

System Embedding and Reform Approach of Vocational Education Evaluation

教育评价是在社会场域中生成和发展的,是一种社会嵌入的存在,具有制度层面的独立性。作为一种协调机制或资源分配制度,职业教育评价受到由技能提供主体、技能学习主体和技能使用主体构成的社会场域的影响。这三大主体的相互作用,演化出了三个影响职业教育评价的关键变量:产业模式、教育制度和生涯发展制度。目前职业教育评价领域出现的各类问题,主要体现在这三个变量间的制度失配所导致的升学评价与就业评价的矛盾、评价内容与能力表现的脱节、企业评价与学校评价的失调。未来职业教育评价改革,应基于省域职教高考制度的建设,强化职业教育评价的信号功能和价值引导功能;基于大数据和人工智能技术,开发服务个体发展和大规模选拔的评价工具;基于专业层面制度化的能力分析,构建评价内容的来源和校企协作评价的依据。

Educational evaluation is generated and developed in the social field.It is a socially embedded existence with institutional independence.As a coordination mechanism or resource allocation system,vocational education evaluation is affected by the social field composed of skill providers,skill learners and skill users.The interaction of these three main bodies has evolved three key variables that affect the evaluation of vocational education:the industrial model,the education system and the career development system.At present,all kinds of problems in the field of vocational education evaluation are mainly reflected in the contradiction between academic evaluation and employment evaluation,the disconnection between evaluation content and performance,and the imbalance between enterprise evaluation and school evaluation,which caused by institutioned mismated among three variables.The future reform of vocational education evaluation should be based on the construction of a provincial vocational education college entrance examination system,and strengthen the signal function and value guidance function of vocational education evaluation;Develop evaluation tools for individual development and large-scale selection based on big data and artificial intelligence technology;Construct source of evaluation content and the basis for school-enterprise cooperation evaluation based on the instutionalized competence analysis for professional expertise.