司法应对“长臂管辖”的学理研究--基于对等原则和刑事司法视角的分析

Legal Theoretical Research on Judicial Responses to"Long-Arm Jurisdiction"——Analysis Based on the Principle of Reciprocity and the Perspective of Criminal Justice

司法应对“长臂管辖”是贯彻落实习近平法治思想、依法维护我国权益的必然要求。“长臂管辖”是美国特有的一种管辖制度,经历了由司法判例到立法实践,由民事领域到商事、刑事、金融、反垄断、反腐败等多个领域的扩张过程,其本质是借法律扩张适用之名行单边制裁、霸权主义和强权政治之实,必须予以坚决反制。通过司法能动应对是反制“长臂管辖”法律“工具箱”的选项之一,也是落实《反外国制裁法》的有效举措之一。可以从加强与其他国家和地区的司法协作、依据对等原则采取反制措施、发挥司法机关在涉外刑事诉讼程序中的职能、科学划定刑事司法机关行使域外管辖的案件范围,以及优化刑事司法机关开展域外管辖的程序规则等方面,推进对美国“长臂管辖”的司法应对措施。

The necessity to confront"long-arm jurisdiction"is intrinsic to the realization of Xi Jinping′s legal philosophy and the lawful safeguarding of China′s rights.Originating as a judicial precedent in the United States,"long-arm jurisdiction"has evolved into a legislative practice,extending its reach from civil matters to commercial,criminal,financial,antitrust,and anti-corruption domains.Its core is to cloak unilateral sanctions,hegemonic behavior,and power politics in the guise of legal expansion,a practice that must be firmly opposed.An active judicial response represents one of the strategic approaches within the legal arsenal against"long-arm jurisdiction"and serves as a practical means to enforce the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law.This can be achieved by bolstering judicial collaboration with international partners,adopting countermeasures in line with the principle of reciprocity,leveraging the role of judicial bodies in foreign criminal litigation,precisely delineating the parameters of cases where criminal judicial entities may exercise extraterritorial jurisdiction,and refining procedural guidelines for such jurisdictional exercises by criminal judicial bodies.