2014—2022年贵阳市学生食源性疾病监测结果分析

Analysis of surveillance results of foodborne diseases among students in Guiyang City from 2014 to 2022

目的通过对2014—2022年贵阳市学生食源性疾病监测结果进行总结分析,了解其食源性疾病发病特征。方法通过食源性疾病病例监测系统导出近9年贵阳市食源性疾病监测医院报告的学生食源性疾病病例数据,对病例的时间、地区及人群分布、进食场所分布、可疑食品分布、食品包装及加工方式分布、临床症状和病原学检测结果进行分析。结果2014—2022年贵阳市食源性疾病监测医院累计上报1127例学生病例,其中男性521例,女性606例;报告小学生病例最多,占41.08%;2022年报告病例数最多,为225例;呈明显的夏秋季高峰。花溪区、南明区和云岩区病例数较多,分别占29.37%、22.36%和8.34%;进食场所主要是集体食堂,占33.27%;进食食品主要是由餐饮服务企业制作,其中多种食品、混合食品占比较高,分别占26.70%和14.46%。临床症状以消化系统为主,腹泻最多见,占63.25%。沙门氏菌、副溶血性弧菌和诺如病毒是主要的致病菌,阳性检出率为5.18%。结论贵阳市食源性疾病发病人群主要是小学生,呈夏秋季高峰,学校食堂是高发场所,细菌性食源性疾病是主要的食品安全问题。建议学校做好食品安全知识宣传教育,加强卫生培训和卫生管理。

Objective To summarize and analyze the surveillance results of foodborne diseases among students in Guiyang City from 2014 to 2022 to understand the characteristics of foodborne diseases.Methods The foodborne disease case data reported by Guiyang Foodborne Disease Surveillance Hospital in the past 9 years were exported from the foodborne disease case surveillance system.The time,region,and population distribution of cases,the distribution of eating places,the distribution of suspicious foods,the distribution of food packaging and processing methods,and the results of clinical symptoms and pathogenic tests were analyzed.Results From 2014 to 2022,a total of 1127 student cases were reported in Guiyang Foodborne Disease Surveillance Hospital,including 521 males and 606 females,accounting for 41.08%of primary school students.The highest number of cases was reported in 2022,at 225,showing a clear peak in summer and autumn.Huaxi District,Nanming District,and Yunyan District had the largest number of cases,accounting for 29.37%,22.36%,and 8.34%,respectively,collective canteens accounted for 33.27%,and food was mainly made by the catering service industry,among which a variety of foods and mixed foods accounted for the highest proportions,accounting for 26.70%and 14.46%,respectively.The clinical symptoms were mainly in the digestive system,and diarrhea was the most common,accounting for 63.25%.Salmonella,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,and Norovirus were the main pathogens,with a positive detection rate of 5.18%.Conclusions The incidence of foodborne diseases in Guiyang City is mainly among primary school students,with a peak in summer and autumn,school canteens are the places with a high incidence of bacterial foodborne diseases,and bacterial foodborne diseases are the main food safety problems.It is recommended that schools do a good job in the publicity and education of food safety knowledge,and strengthen hygiene training and hygiene management.