15—18世纪英法葡萄酒贸易的博弈

The Game Playing of Anglo-French Wine Trade Form the 15th to the 18th Century

15—18世纪,葡萄酒贸易是英法之间最主要的大宗贸易,深受两国外交关系的影响,成为观察两国关系变化的晴雨表。英国是法国葡萄酒的主要消费国,为打击法国经济,赢得对法外交博弈的主导权,英国时常上调法国葡萄酒的进口关税,从而导致两国间频频发生葡萄酒贸易危机,并引发法国的报复,也间接影响到英国自身。英法围绕葡萄酒贸易展开的关税战,根源在于双方都奉行传统重商主义政策。这种充斥着排他敌对色彩的重商主义政策,在一定意义上塑造了中古晚期至近代早期英法关系的样貌与格局。

From the 15th to the 18th century,wine trade was the most important bulk trade between England and France,which was deeply influenced by diplomatic relations between the two countries,and became a barometer for observing the changes in the relations between the two countries.England was the main consumer of French wine.During this period,England,as the primary consumer of French wine,frequently raised import tariffs on French wine to strike a blow to the French economy and gained dominance in diplomatic negotiations.This led to frequent wine trade crises between the two countries,triggered retaliatory measures from France,which also directly affects England itself.The tariff war between England and France over wine trade stemmed from the traditional European mercantilism policies pursued by both countries.The policy of mercantilism,characterized by its exclusivity and hostility,shaped the appearance and pattern of Anglo-French relations from the Late Middle Ages to the Early Modern Period in a certain sense.