民国时期的天津城市自治

Tianjin’s Self-Governance During the Period of the Republic of China

地方自治始于清末“新政”。天津地方自治一如全国各地,经历了清末、北洋政府和南京国民政府时期。清末天津自治走在全国前列,尤其是袁世凯成立警区,并颁布了一些地方性法规;继而北洋政府时期的天津县自治,在曲折中进一步发展,从各区自治到议事机构天津县议会的成立,并由选举产生议员;南京国民政府时期,天津城市自治取得较大进展,市自治机构和市政府的建立,明确了自治的职责和范围。

Local self-governance originated from the implementation the New Policies of late Qing Dynasty.Local self-governance in Tianjin,like other parts of the country,went through the periods of the late Qing Dynasty,the Northern Warlord Government and Nanjing National Government.In the late Qing Dynasty,Tianjin’s self-governance was at the forefront of the country,especially when Yuan Shikai established a security area and issued some local regulations;subsequently,during the period of the Northern Warlord Government,Tianjin’s self-governance developed in twists and turns,from the self-governance of each district to the establishment of the Tianjin County Council as a deliberative body,with deputies elected;during the period of Nanjing National Government,Tianjin made significant progress in self-governance,not only establishing the municipal government and self-government institutions,but also clarifying the responsibilities and scope of self-governance.