典型非均质岩溶地下水污染治理新思路及关键技术

New ideas and key technologies for pollution control of typical non-homogeneous karst groundwater

地下河系统具有“快补快排”、流量动态变化剧烈等特征,岩溶发育的不均匀性和地下水径流的集中性,给传统地下水污染治理造成极大困难和风险。本文以贵州典型岩溶地下水系统为研究单元,在分析类似非均质条件下岩溶地下水污染治理工程思路、措施和成效的基础上,从原生的岩溶水文地质条件出发,以经典地下水动力学为基础,遵循地下水补给、径流和排泄特征,研究典型非均质岩溶地下水污染治理新思路及关键技术。提出:通过改变地下河系统补给、径流和排泄条件,可达到减少地下河出口流量的目标,治理工程主要是小规模的地下和地表“线性”工程,不占用基本农田、不破坏植被,对研究区内的生态环境影响极小。可采取上游“引排”、中游“排水隧洞+地下水导流钻孔”、下游“集中收集-处理”的治理新思路。该治理新思路的成效能够达到经济、生态环境的“双赢”。

The underground river system is characterized by"quick replenishment and quick discharge",drastic changes in flow dynamics,etc.The unevenness of karst development and the concentration of groundwater runoff have caused great difficulties and risks for traditional groundwater pollution control.Taking the typical karst groundwater system in Guizhou as the research unit,this paper,on the basis of analyzing the engineering ideas,measures and effectiveness of karst groundwater pollution treatment under similar non-homogeneous conditions,studies the new ideas and key technologies for typical non-homogeneous karst groundwater pollution treatment,starting from the original karst hydro-geological conditions,based on the classical groundwater dynamics and following the characteristics of groundwater recharge,runoff and discharge.It is proposed that the objective of reducing the outlet flow of the underground river can be achieved by changing the conditions of recharge,runoff and discharge of the underground river system,and that the treatment project is mainly a small-scale underground and surface“linear”project,which does not take up basic farmland,does not destroy vegetation and has a minimal impact on the ecological environment in the study area.A new approach can be adopted for the management of the upstream"diversion and drainage",the midstream"drainage tunnels+groundwater diversion boreholes",and the downstream"centralized collection and treatment".The effectiveness of this new approach to governance can achieve a"win-win"situation for both the economy and the ecosystem.