从王羲之到徐渭:越文化变革影响下的绍兴书法高峰

From Wang Xizhi to Xu Wei:The Peak of Shaoxing Calligraphy Influenced by the Transformation of Yue Culture

越文化具有原始的刚野性和谋变创新的基因,其表现在书法艺术上呈持续和稳定的创新变革现象,这种现象既具量的丰富,又有质的飞跃,其中两座高峰即是王羲之和徐渭代表的两次重大书法变革尤为突出。王羲之和徐渭的书法变革,以自然观的书法审美为宗,并分别将之向前推进了一步:王羲之将书法的“尚象”审美推进到了“意象”层面,完成了文人书法的表达;徐渭又将之推进到“崇真”层面,开创了纯艺术书法的表现。越文化的突进和变革,带动了哲学思想之转变,王羲之和徐渭的书法变革,对应越地的“玄学”流行和“阳明心学”的兴盛。

Yue culture has primitive wildness and innovative genes.It shows a continuous and stable phenomenon of innovation and change in the art of calligraphy.This phenomenon is not only rich in quantity,but also has a qualitative leap,and its continuous trend is like peaks and ridges.Two of the peaks are the two major calligraphy changes represented by Wang Xizhi and Xu Wei.The calligraphy reforms of Wang Xizhi and Xu Wei took the calligraphy aesthetics of natural view as the ancestor,and pushed it forward respectively.Wang Xizhi advanced the aesthetic appreciation of“advocating image”to the level of“imagery”and completed the expression of literati calligraphy,whilst Xu Wei pushed it to the level of“advocating nature”and created the expression of pure artistic calligraphy.The breakthrough and transformation of Yue culture led to the transformation of philosophical thought.Wang Xizhi and Xu Wei’s calligraphy reforms correspond to the popularity of metaphysics in Yue culture and the prosperity of Yangming’s Theory of Mind.