官民互济视角下中国近代文白变革

Research on the Reformation from Classical Chinese to Vernacular Chinese in Modern China from the Perspective of the Mutual Aid Between the Government and the People

一个国家民族的语言不仅仅是人际沟通的工具,也内蕴着一个国家民族的道统与文脉。不管是古代中国以“雅言”为尚的语言传统还是近代中国以“白话”为尚的语言变革,都承担着“文以载道”的道统意识,关涉官民互济的文脉建构问题。面对帝国列强的武力侵略和欧风美雨的文化渗透,朝野双方在互动中将文言/白话打造成“国文”“国语”建构起的新的语言统绪,以凝聚民族认同,应对文教危机。学统、政统与道统历来是语言与文脉绕不开的命题,及至近代文白变革朝野互动更显其缠绕与紧张。在官民互济视野下反思汉语之文化复兴之路,我们会清晰地看到现代性演进过程中,语言统绪所面临的紧张与焦虑。

The language of a nation is not only a tool of interpersonal communication,but also contains the tradition and the thrcad of culture of this nation.Whether it is the linguistic tradition of ancient China which advocates"clegant words"or the language reform of modern China which advocates"vernacular words",they both bear the Confucian consciousness of"using writings as a vchicle to convey truth",and concern the cultural construction of the mutual aid between the government and the people Confronting the military aggression of the imperial powers and the cultural infiltration of Europe and America,the Chinese government and people transformed classical Chinese/vernacular Chinese into the language of Chinese nation and constructed a new language system,so as to gather national identity and deal with the cultural and educational crisis.Academic tradition,political tradition and Confucian tradition have always been the propositions that cannot be avoided by language and cultural thread,and the interaction between the government and the people was more entangled and tense during the reformation from classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese in modern times,Reflecting on the cultural revival of the Chinese language from the perspective of mutual aid between the government and the people,the tension and anxicty faced by the language system during the transition can be seen veryclearly.