经腹单孔腔镜联合经肛门腔镜技术治疗低位直肠癌临床疗效研究

Investigation of the clinical efficacy of transabdominal single-port endoscopic combined with transanal endoscopic techniques in managing low rectal cancer

目的探究单孔入路腹腔镜联合经肛门腔镜全肠系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌的短期与中期临床效果。方法选择2018年1月—2022年6月丽水市中心医院收治的低位直肠癌患者,均接受直肠前切除术和结肠肛管吻合术。对早期和中期的临床疗效进行分析,并依据标本提取方式进行比较。结果总计62例患者,手术时间为(182.6±30.5)min。22例患者需进行内括约肌切除术。所有患者均进行结肠肛管端端吻合器或手工吻合。术后(1.5±0.3)d回肠造口处首次排便。61例患者为R0切除,1例R1切除,远端切除边缘为(6.2±0.3)mm,3例患者的环形切缘呈阳性。所有病例标本病理检查显示45例完整,17例为接近完整。获得的淋巴结平均为13.5个,其中25例患者标本上的淋巴结数低于12个。35例自回肠造口处、27例经肛管进行标本提取,2种方式患者的BMI(χ^(2)=39.388,P<0.001)、肿瘤大小(t=4.415,P=0.020)比较,差异均有统计学意义。术后随访时间为(40.6±5.5)个月,中期结局评价研究对象的总生存率为98.4%,无病生存率为80.6%,局部控制率为95.2%。结论腹腔镜联合经肛门腔镜技术治疗低位直肠癌可取得较为理想的短中期临床疗效,能够通过较小的创口实现充分的肿瘤切除和较低的并发症发生率。

Objective To explore the short-term and mid-term clinical effects of single-port laparoscopy combined with transanal total mesenteric excision for treating low rectal cancer.Methods From January 2018 to June 2022,patients diagnosed with low rectal cancer and treated with anterior rectal resection and coloanal anastomosis at Lishui Central Hospital were included in this study.The early and mid-term clinical efficacies were analyzed and compared based on specimen extraction methods.Results Among the 62 patients,the average operation time was(182.6±30.5)minutes,with 22 requiring internal sphincter resection.All patients underwent either colostomy end-to-end stapler or manual anastomosis.The first bowel movement at the ileostomy site occurred on average(1.5±0.3)days post-surgery.R0 resection was achieved in 61 patients,with only 1 patient of R1 resection.The average distal resection margin was(6.2±0.3)mm,and 3 patients had positive circumferential resection margins.Pathological analysis showed that 45 complete and 17 nearly complete cases.The average number of lymph nodes obtained was 13.5,with 25 patients yielding fewer than 12 lymph nodes on their specimens.Specimens were extracted from the ileostomy site in 35 cases and through the anal canal in 27 cases.There were significant differences in BMI-related variables(χ^(2)=39.388,P<0.001)and tumor size(t=4.415,P=0.020)between the two methods.The average postoperative follow-up time was(40.6±5.5)months.The mid-term outcome evaluation indicated an overall survival rate of 98.4%,disease-free survival rate of 80.6%,and local control rate of 95.2%among the study subjects.Conclusion Laparoscopy combined with transanal endoscopic techniques can achieve ideal short-and medium-term clinical effects in the treatment of low rectal cancer,facilitate sufficient tumor resection,and minimize complications through smaller wounds.