融合建筑物所有权及其附属权利的LADM-BIM数据模型研究

Integrated LADM-BIM Data Model for Building Ownership and Its Subsidiary Rights

在居民物权意识不断增强的背景下,城市中涉及建筑物所有权、地役权和采光权的法律纠纷案例数量不断增加,对城市和谐社区的构建带来了不利影响,同时也消耗了大量社会资源。然而,现有研究一方面过多地侧重于这些权利的法律描述,另一方面则局限于仅利用三维技术构建所有权空间模型,缺乏对建筑物所具有的复杂所有权的空间结构及其附属权利(地役权和采光权)的深入的研究。本文深入分析了法律背景下建筑物所有权、地役权和采光权的三维建模的数据需求,通过扩展工业基础类(IFC),将土地管理领域模型(LADM)中的权利人包、空间单元包、权限管理包和测量与空间表达包映射到IFC标准中,实现了LADM和建筑物信息模型(BIM)的无缝集成,构建了一个三维数据模型。该模型考虑了建筑物所有权空间的复杂结构及其计算规则,对于地役权则特别考虑了水平和垂直方向上的三维实例化,采光权则考虑了相邻采光权和采光地役权及其参数的计算。LADM和BIM的整合使所提出的模型能够清晰呈现物理对象的空间特征,同时反映了建筑物的权利、限制和责任(RRR)的法律信息。为了验证模型的可行性和实用性,选取了真实的法律纠纷案例进行解析实验。结果表明,本文构建的模型可以区分所有权内部空间及其复杂结构,并能对地役权和采光权进行三维表达,同时包含了权属信息,为对法律空间的认知提供了更为明晰的理解,从而为解决相关纠纷提供可靠和坚实的技术方案。

With the increasing awareness of property rights among residents,the number of legal disputes concerning the differentiation of ownership,easements,and right to light in urban buildings has been steadily rising.This trend has adverse effects on the establishment of harmonious urban communities and entails a substantial expenditure of social resources.However,current research predominantly focuses on legal descriptions of these rights,and falls within a limited scope that solely employs three-dimensional technology to construct ownership spatial models.There exists a dearth of in-depth exploration into the spatial structures of the complex ownerships and their associated rights(easements and right to light)pertaining to buildings.This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the data requirements for three-dimensional modeling of building ownership,easements,and right to light within the legal context.Through the extension of the Industry Foundation Classes(IFC),an integration of the Land Administration Domain Model(LADM)and the Building Information Modeling(BIM)is achieved,resulting in a three-dimensional data model.This model adheres to the extension logic within the IFC standard.It is based on the concepts of property sets and user-defined properties in the IFC standard,and maps the Party Package,Spatial Unit Package,Administrative Package,and Surveying and Representation Package from the LADM to the IFC standard.This model takes into account the intricate spatial structure of building ownership and its computational rules.For easement rights,special consideration is given to three-dimensional instantiation in both horizontal and vertical directions.As for light to right,calculations encompass adjacent daylighting rights,daylighting easements,and their respective parameters.The amalgamation of LADM and BIM empowers the proposed model to vividly present the spatial characteristics of physical objects and concurrently reflecting the legal information of Rights,Restrictions,and Responsibilities(RRR)of the buildings.To validate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed model,three actual legal dispute cases were selected for analytical experiments.These cases encompassed:the visualization and analysis of property ownership within the three-dimensional data model,quantification of the impact of easements on the spatial utilization of property ownership,and the evaluation of the effect of right to light on residential units within a building.The results affirm that the constructed model proficiently distinguishes the internal spatial aspects of ownership,encompassing complex structures,and effectively expresses easements and right to light in three dimensions.Moreover,it encompasses sufficient ownership information,providing a clearer understanding of the legal space and furnishing a reliable and robust technical solution for resolving relevant disputes.